White Man’s Burden
The spreading of American values to non-white people (the uncivilized)
Reasons for expansion
Profits, patriotism, piety, and politics/public opinion
Yellow Journalism
journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration, led to war with Spain
USS Maine
Thought to have been sunk by Spaniards, leads to support of war; but really the gun room was too close to the boiler
Teller Amendment
a joint resolution of the US Congress, enacted on April 20, 1898, in reply to McKinley’s War Message; placed a condition on US military’s presence in Cuba
Treaty of Paris 1898
Ratified in February, 1899, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the US; gave US temporary control of Cuba and permanent control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
Insular Cases 1904
Addressed status of new territories and ruled the constitution did not follow the flag
Open Door Notes/Policy
Proposed free trade in China and supported territorial integrity in China
William McKinley
Won election of 1900, supported imperialism
Roosevelt Corollary 1904
Extinction of Monroe Doctrine, discouraged European expansion in the Western Hemisphere; US are policemen of the Western Hemisphere
Panama Canal 1904
Helps military and shipping of goods
Great White Fleet (1907-1909)
US Navy goes on goodwill tour, gets name from ship being white (in peace), shows the world improvements to Navy, tells Japan were in peace but if needed well be back in black (war)
League of Nations
Last point to Wilson’s 14 points, association of nations to plan for a peace covenant to stop war, it could handle problems that a peace treaty couldn’t, ended WWI
Automobiles/Radios (Consumer Economy)
Came about in the Roaring Twenties, good for the government because money was circulating without government help
The Great Depression
Stock market crash of 1929, didn’t become great until 1931, people looking for government help, structural weaknesses caused this
Scopes Trial
Scopes vs. Tennessee, substitute teacher accused of violating Tennessee’s Butler Act which made it illegal to teach human evolution in state funded schools
Harlem Renaussance
Cultural movement that spanned through the 1920s (New Negro Movement)
The New Deal
Relief, reform, recovery
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Jobs program, give people income and increase purchase power
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Deal with poverty and give economic development
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft, gave loans to developing nations in exchange for greater American influence
Moral Diplomacy
Wilson, objected gunboat and dollar diplomacy, set moral example in world affairs
Neutrality Proclamation
August 1914, US not taking sides in WWI, trade with Allied and Central Powers
Zimmerman Telegram
decoded message from Germany to Mexico wanting to form alliance against the US to win land back, Mexico says no, telegram goes public
War Industries Board
makes sure war material was produced in the US, set production cost, allocate raw materials, and pushed for labor unions
Committee on Public Information
led by George Creel, didn’t tell people what to think, just gave facts, encouraged newspapers to get approval before publishing, sent pro-war speakers to speak
Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment)
government mandated production of alcohol, done locally first and then nation wide with amendment
Schenck v. United States (1919)
president of socialist party convicted of selling goods against the draft, uses free speech amendment against court (where free speech vs plausible speech comes in)
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibition of alcoholic in the US by declaring the production, transportation, and sale of alcohol illegal
Alice Paul (Nineteenth Amendment)
woman who fought for amendment, pass amendment to let women vote, went on hunger strikes, picket strike at white house, “safer democracy” but half the population don’t vote
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929
created a farm board to stabilize crop prices
Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
worst thing government could do, made tariff war worse, passed because congress wanted it
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
going back to banking system, put more money in circulation
Bonus Army
summer 1932, composed of 31,000 WWI veterans, demanding government pay war bonus in ‘32 instead of waiting to pay it in ‘45, vets camped out in Hooverville, government sent federal troops to attack veterans, made US want any democrat over best republican
Charles Coughlin
Catholic priest in Detroit, raised find for his church by radio broadcast, soon went national, 4 million listeners; more money in circulation, more spending, better economy
Francis Townsend
California doctor, old age resolving pension: give $200 a month the people over 60, $ had to be spent in that month, help economy
Huey Long
Louisiana governor, sent to congress in 1932, best known for his Share Our Wealth program, created in 1934 under the motto “Every Man a King,” set net asset tax
National Labor Regulation Act
Known as the Wagner Act, required companies to recognize unions and to accept collective bargaining
Social Security Act
Most important of new deal programs, created old age pension, unemployment insurance, and basic welfare, everyone had to do it
Court Packing Plan
Plan where Roosevelt can add 6 people of his choice to the court, no one likes plan, fails