Quiz 2

Question 1

Describe selective attention

Answer 1

The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively with several occurred simultaneously

Question 2

What is attention?

Answer 2

Taking possession by the mind is clear and visit form of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects were trains to thought

Question 3

What is shiftable attention

Answer 3

The ability to shift attention from one stimuli to another

Question 4

Change blindness

Answer 4

Failed to notice a change due to inattention

Question 5

What factors influence the likelihood that changes notice?

Answer 5

The flicker in between disrupts motion detection which makes it difficult to notice changes in unattended parts of an image

Question 6

Priming

Answer 6

Priming is a memory of backed in which one stimulus affects the response to another stimulus

Question 7

Stimulus based priming

Answer 7

Detectors can be primed by Mere exposure to the stimulus

Question 8

Expectation based planning

Answer 8

Slow, only able to concentrate on one area, does involve effort

Question 9

Broadbent filter Theory

Answer 9

Stimuli are filtered, for selected to be attended to at an early stage during processing. A filter can be regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features such as color pitch or direction of stimuli

Question 10

Attenuation Theory of attention

Answer 10

Accounted for the ability of attention to be held outside of the concentrated area

Question 11

Late selection theory of attention

Answer 11

The proposed all stimuli gets processed in full with crucial difference being a filter place later in the information processing routine just before entrance into working memory

Question 12

The cocktail party effect

Answer 12

The phenomenon of being able to focus ones auditory attention on a particular stimulus well filtering out the range of other stimuli much in the same way partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room

Question 13

What evidence exists of the ability to multitask?

Answer 13

In the instance of texting and driving we saw a difference and reaction time, and more instance of incidental blindness

Question 14

Autonomic versus controlled processing

Answer 14

Control processing requires attention and effort.

Pneumatic processing occurs without giving much thought

Question 15

Heredity versus learning. Different ways the brain learns automatic processing

Answer 15

Heredity is being able to do a task without much thought without being taught (born with it)
Learning is passing from controlled to automatic via practice

Question 16

Long-Term Memory

Answer 16

• Very long duration
• Hours to decades
• Large, possibly unlimited capacity

Question 17

Short- Term/Working memory

Answer 17

• Memory you are currently thinking about or working on
• Short Duration
• 7 items +- 2 items
• Small Capacity

Question 18

Episodic Memory

Answer 18

Events that actually happened to you-personal events

• involves mental time travel
• Include context
• Most affected by amnesia

Question 19

Memory Pathways

Answer 19

• Serve as access routes and allow us to make connections
• Formed through acquisition
• Allow to use these connections to fire signals to retrieve memories

Question 20

Semantic Memory

Answer 20

• Word meanings
• General facts
• Concepts

Question 21

Explicit Memory

Answer 21

Conscious awareness, easy to verbalize

Question 22

Implicit Memory

Answer 22

• hard to verbalize
• no conscious awareness
• Skills habits

Question 23

Theory of Implicit Memory

Answer 23

• Memory retrieval involves processing pathways
• pathways increase processing fluency
• fluency leads to attributions of familiarity
• people are sensitive to a relative degree of processing fluency

Question 24

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 24

Loss of memory before disruption (the accident or illness)

Question 25

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 25

Inability to form new long-term memories (implicit) | -Clive Wearing

Question 26

Procedural Memory

Answer 26

Can perform, not verbalize (muscle memory)

Question 27

Techniques for improving everyday memory

Answer 27

- Chunking (breaking things down into specific small sections) - Elaborative rehearsal (making connections while trying to memorize something - Distributed practice- encoding specificity - Minimize interference (distractions) - Deep Processing - State-dependent memory and mood (try to mimic test and study environments to enhance memory) - Elaboration and self-referent encoding - Transfer-appropriate processing - Organization

Question 28

Laptops vs. Longhand note taking

Answer 28

- In general those who took longhand notes performed better on the tests - Found that those who take notes on laptops tend to type verbatim notes without deep processing - Found that generative note taking (writing stuff in your own fucking words) was a more effective way of getting things into long term memory - Those on laptops tend to get distracted or multi-task, therefore absorb less info - Laptop people performed worse on recall-concept questions

Question 29

Processing Fluency

Answer 29

-Improvement in the speed or ease of processing

Question 30

Free Recall (LTM)

Answer 30

Generate a response from memory

Question 31

Cued Recall

Answer 31

Prompt given to facilitate response generation

Question 32

Serial position effect

Answer 32

The tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best in the middle items worst

Question 33

George Miller the magic number

Answer 33

7+ or -2. The amount of information able to hold in working/short-term memory.

Question 34

Chungking

Answer 34

A strategy that can be used to improve one's short-term memory involves reducing on strings of information down to shorter more manageable chunks

Question 35

Baddeley's model of STM

Answer 35

A model composed of three components, the supervisory system which controls the information, and slave systems which function as short term memory centers

Question 36

The central executive Center

Answer 36

The center in Baddeley's model which acts as an executive supervisory systems and controls the flow of information to and from its other systems

Question 37

Visio spatial buffer

Answer 37

Holds visual information for manipulation

Question 38

Phonological loop

Answer 38

Audio information and words. written words can be transferred to this loop as well