Quiz 2 - Breast, Thoracic Wall, Lungs

Question 1

the breast lies within the ____

Answer 1

superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) between the skin and the deep fascia overlying the pectoralis major muscle

Question 2

retromammary space

Answer 2

deep to the breast tissue, but superficial to the deep fascia; allows for some movement of the breast on the thoracic wall

Question 3

four quadrants of breast

Answer 3

upper outer
upper inner
lower inner
lower outer

Question 4

UOQ

Answer 4

upper outer quadrant

has axillary tail that extends superolaterally towards the axilla

Question 5

areola

Answer 5

• surrounds the nipple

- contains multiple sebaceous glands which secrete lubricating and waterproofing sebum

Question 6

accessory nipples

Answer 6

• can be found anywhere along “milk lines”
• can lactate
• appear as moles

Question 7

mammary gland is made up of 15-20 ______

Answer 7

lobes, each of which has a separate lactiferous duct draining into the nipple

Question 8

each lobe is comprised of _______

Answer 8

lobules, which contain glandular tissue at the ends of the ducts (the alveoli), which only become active during lactation

Question 9

lobular tissue is supported by fibrous bands connected to the dermis called _____

Answer 9

suspensory ligaments

Question 10

blood supply to the breast

Answer 10

• internal thoracic artery
• branches of the axillary artery
• intercostal arteries

Question 11

lymphatic drainage of breast

Answer 11

-into axillary lymph nodes (mostly), but the inner quadrants also drain to the parasternal lymph nodes

Question 12

medial end of clavicle

Answer 12

sternoclavicular joint

Question 13

lateral end of clavicle

Answer 13

acromioclavicular joint

Question 14

sternum

Answer 14

breast bone; ventral bone of the thoracic wall

Question 15

jugular (suprasternal) notch

Answer 15

concave superior border of the manubrium

Question 16

xiphoid process

Answer 16

the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum; is not attached to any ribs

Question 17

sternal angle (of Louis)

Answer 17

• between manubrium and body of sternum
• located subcutaneously
• consistently at the level of the articulation of the 2nd costal cartilage with the sternum
• must always start at this point to identify any particular rib or interspace

Question 18

costal margins

Answer 18

lower edge of chest form by bottom edge of ribcage

Question 19

coracoid process of scapula

Answer 19

arises anteriorly from near the top of the head and neck of the scapula, and projects anterolaterally

Question 20

intercostal muscles

Answer 20

• between ribs

- 3 layers (external, internal, innermost)

Question 21

thoracentesis

Answer 21

-procedure used to remove abnormal collections of fluid or air from the pleural cavity

Question 22

blood supply in the thorax

Answer 22

• thoracic aorta: descends on L side of thorax and gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries
• internal thoracic arteries (branches of the subclavian arteries): descend parallel to the sternum and give off anterior intercostal arteries. End by bifurcating into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

Question 23

anterior and posterior intercostal arteries can develop _____

Answer 23

anastomotic connections, thus providing a collateral channel if either the aorta or internal thoracic artery becomes occluded

Question 24

intercostal veins drain to ________

Answer 24

• internal thoracic vein anteriorly

- tributaries of the azygos vein posteriorly

Question 25

superior thoracic aperture

Answer 25

- opening along the plane of the 1st rib | - superior boundary of the thoracic cavity

Question 26

apex of each lung

Answer 26

extends superior to the superior thoracic aperture; can be damaged by neck injuries or stab wounds

Question 27

diaphragm

Answer 27

inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity, which separates the thorax from the abdomen

Question 28

three subdivisions of thoracic cavity

Answer 28

two pulmonary cavities and a mediastinum

Question 29

mediastinum contains _____

Answer 29

heart, great vessels, trachea

Question 30

visceral pleura

Answer 30

- covers lungs | - simple squamous epithelium

Question 31

parietal pleura

Answer 31

- internal surface of thoracic cavity | - often named for whatever it's in contact with; e.g. pleura in contact with chest wall is costal pleura

Question 32

pleural cavity/space

Answer 32

- between visceral and parietal pleura | - normally contains only a small amount of serous fluid

Question 33

pleural reflection

Answer 33

-created wherever the parietal pleura reflects from one structures to another (e.g. from the chest wall onto the diaphragm)

Question 34

pleural recesses

Answer 34

- occur where two parietal pleural surfaces are in contact with each other - no intervening lung tissue

Question 35

R lung divisions

Answer 35

- oblique and horizontal fissures | - 3 lobes

Question 36

L lung divisions

Answer 36

- oblique fissure only | - 2 lobes

Question 37

upper lobes

Answer 37

lie superior and anterior

Question 38

lower lobes

Answer 38

lie inferior and posterior

Question 39

middle lobes

Answer 39

lateral and anterior between oblique and horizontal fissues

Question 40

positions of lung at midclavicular, midaxillary, and midscapular lines

Answer 40

ribs 6-8-10

Question 41

positions of pleura at midclavicular, midaxillary, and midscapular lines

Answer 41

ribs 8-10-12

Question 42

trachea divides into 2 ________

Answer 42

main (1*) bronchi, one for each lung, at the CARINA

Question 43

1* bronchi divide into ________

Answer 43

lobar (2*) bronchi (2 on left 3 on right) that supply individual lobes

Question 44

2* bronchi divide into ______

Answer 44

segmental (3*) bronchi for each pulmonary segment

Question 45

intermediate bronchus

Answer 45

short segment of the right main bronchus prior to the branching of the middle and lower lobe bronchus

Question 46

how do the right and left main bronchi differ?

Answer 46

right has a more vertical course and a larger diameter

Question 47

trachea

Answer 47

C-shaped rings of cartilage; smooth muscle fills gap

Question 48

pulmonary arteries

Answer 48

carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs; their branches travel alongside the bronchi into each lung segment

Question 49

pulmonary veins

Answer 49

returned oxygenated blood to heart; travel between adjacent lung segments receiving blood from both

Question 50

bronchial arteries

Answer 50

supply the bronchial tree and lung with oxygenated blood

Question 51

lymphatic drainage of the lung and visceral pleura is toward and thru the _______

Answer 51

hilum

Question 52

what filters pulmonary lymph?

Answer 52

- bronchopulmonary nodes (clustered around the lobar and main bronchi at the hilum) - tracheobronchial nodes (surround the carina)

Question 53

muscles required for inspiration

Answer 53

- diaphragm --> contraction flattens and moves it inferiorly - aided by contraction of intercostal muscles, which elevate the ribs laterally (bucket handle) and anteriorly (pump handle).

Question 54

expiration

Answer 54

passive; everything relaxes and moves back into position

Question 55

forced exhalation

Answer 55

-requires use of abdominal wall musculature