quiz 2 part 2

Question 1

bundle of axons in pns

Answer 1

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 2

bundle of axons in cns

Answer 2

tract

Question 3

group of cell bodies in pns

Answer 3

ganglion

Question 4

group of cell bodies in cns

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

lots of dendrites aka cortex
allows enables individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions.

Answer 5

grey matter

Question 6

lots of axons aka connections
matter throughout the central nervous system
matter in brain and spinal cord
conduct, process, and send nerve signals up and down the spinal cord.

Answer 6

white matter

Question 7

implications of genetics

Answer 7

A lot of medical advances are based on genetics
Sometimes you can beat the system or the system beats u

Question 8

importance of charles darwin?

Answer 8

evolutionism

Question 9

fixed
group of organisms reproductively isolated from other organisms

Answer 9

species

Question 10

artificially select certain individuals to have certain traits to breed and their offspring would be more likely to have these traits

Answer 10

artificial selection

Question 11

the change, over generations, in the frequencies of genes in the population

Answer 11

evolution

Question 12

When there are individuals that are more likely to succeed in their environment then they can reproduce more
survival of the fittest
Who is most fit depends on the environment

Answer 12

natural selection

Question 13

great diversity to one thing
NOT correct theory

Answer 13

blending hypothesis

Question 14

impt of gregor mendel?

Answer 14

pea plants and genes

Question 15

an individual’s observable trait

Answer 15

phenotype

Question 16

an individual’s genes

Answer 16

genotype

Question 17

mendel’s conclusions?

Answer 17

There are alt forms of hereditary factors (genes)
For each trait, every person inherits one gene from each parent
Some genes are dom over other genes
Genes don’t blend and are not “lost”

Question 18

a variant form of a gene

Answer 18

allele

Question 19

BB, bb
same genes

Answer 19

homozygous

Question 20

Bb
diff genes

Answer 20

heterozygous

Question 21

Require disease gene from BOTH parents to have disease

Answer 21

recessive trait disorder

Question 22

what do you call a person carrying one gene in recessive trait disorder

Answer 22

carrier

Question 23

examples of recessive trait disorders

Answer 23

Albinism
Tay-Sachs
Cystic Fibrosis
PKU

Question 24

require disease gene from one parent

Answer 24

dominant trait disorders

Question 25

examples of dominant trait disorders

Answer 25

extra fingers and toes huntington's disease

Question 26

are breeding lines in which interbred members always produce offspring with the same trait (e.g., brown seeds), generation after generation.

Answer 26

true-breeding lines

Question 27

occur in one form or the other, never in combination.

Answer 27

dichotomous traits

Question 28

model of the biology of behavior?

Answer 28

the organism's endowment which is a product of its evolution, exp, and perception of current situation

Question 29

the study of ani- mal behavior in the wild

Answer 29

ethology

Question 30

behaviors that occur in all like members of a species, even when there seems to have been no opportunity for them to have been learned

Answer 30

instinctive behaviors

Question 31

dominant trait disorders Degenerative disease of NS Typical onset = 35-45 years

Answer 31

huntington's disease

Question 32

Genes can have an affect on more than one phenotype ex. sickle cell, anemia

Answer 32

pleiotropy

Question 33

how can some characteristics vary so much?

Answer 33

multiple alleles polygenic inheritance monogenic polygenic omnigenic

Question 34

more than 2 variants of the gene in the population

Answer 34

multiple alleles

Question 35

more than one gene that contributes to a phenotype □ Ex. Skin pigmentation Many genes contribute to one trait

Answer 35

polygenic inheritance

Question 36

a single gene gives rise to a trait ex. pea plants, huntington's disease

Answer 36

monogenic

Question 37

a handful of genes jointly give rise to a trait Ex. Skin color

Answer 37

polygenic

Question 38

a few core genes are essential but all the genes are involved Most genes

Answer 38

omnigenic

Question 39

1 molecule of dna

Answer 39

chromosome

Question 40

one segment of a chromosome

Answer 40

gene

Question 41

describe the physical structure of DNA

Answer 41

helix

Question 42

has nucleotides that are in a twisted ladder.

Answer 42

double helix

Question 43

2 per round, they always have the same partner Genetic variation is based on the infinite amount of ways these letters could be made together ATCG

Answer 43

nucleotides

Question 44

display or picture of a person's set of chromosomes or genome

Answer 44

karyotype

Question 45

matching pair of karyotypes

Answer 45

homologous chromosomes

Question 46

complete set of genetic material in an organism

Answer 46

genome

Question 47

what do we have a greater number of in dna?

Answer 47

genes

Question 48

rank from biggest to smallest: genes, genome, chromosome

Answer 48

genome, chromosomes, gene

Question 49

every time a cell copies itself, it goes through this process

Answer 49

mitosis

Question 50

cells younger or older than you?

Answer 50

younger

Question 51

DNA sequencing error When a cell or gene does not copy well

Answer 51

mutation

Question 52

If a mutation occurs in a body cell (not egg/sperm), could it affect the individual, the individual’s offspring, or both?

Answer 52

individual

Question 53

If a mutation occurs in a sex cell (i.e., egg or sperm), could it affect the individual, the individual’s offspring, or both?

Answer 53

offspring

Question 54

examples of errors in number of chromosomes

Answer 54

down syndrome

Question 55

where are sex chromosomes located at?

Answer 55

in every cell of the body

Question 56

Gene that is located on X or Y chromosome

Answer 56

sex-linked genes

Question 57

examples of sex-linked genetic disorder

Answer 57

color-blindness, hemophiia

Question 58

How do we get from genotype to phenotype?

Answer 58

transcription and translation

Question 59

copying one section of the chromosome/gene by unraveling it

Answer 59

transcription

Question 60

translates the messenger RNA strand into a protein uses ribosomes

Answer 60

translation

Question 61

steps of transcription

Answer 61

messenger RNA copies half of DNA after unraveling messenger RNA leaves nucleus and into cytoplasm for translation

Question 62

T or F: Most genes are structural. Not Many involved with expressions of other genes

Answer 62

False.

Question 63

influence expression of other genes

Answer 63

promoters

Question 64

chain of events for gene expression

Answer 64

Environment=> transcription factors => promoters (non-structural genes) => structural gene expression Bb => BROWN EYES

Question 65

The study of all mechanisms of inheritance OTHER THAN those mediated by changes to the gene sequence of DNA (i.e. sequence of nucleotides) itself

Answer 65

epigenetics

Question 66

y do we care about epigenetics

Answer 66

The place where environmental genes take place, the place environmental genes may or may not be expressed

Question 67

can be exposed to something in the environment that changes the genes but you can pass it down to offspring

Answer 67

Transgenerational epigenetics

Question 68

Create an organism where you can cut out a gene

Answer 68

Gene knockout

Question 69

Create an organism where you can add in a gene

Answer 69

gene knockin

Question 70

Organism with genetic from another organism

Answer 70

transgenic organism

Question 71

A way to be more precise on gene editing Cut, add, replace genes

Answer 71

CRISPR

Question 72

probs with CRISPR

Answer 72

Used to edit human embryos Unattended changes in the genome Ethical issues