Quiz 2: Slides

Question 1

What % of children in North America have siblings?

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

What are 4 characteristics of sibling relationships?

Answer 2

1. emotionally charged
2. defined by the time spent together
3. large differences in quality of relations
4. age differences (issues with power/control)

Question 3

Differentiate between traits of typical 1st born vs 2nd born children

Answer 3

1st Born:
- more likely to engage in leadership
- more self disipline
TRAITS: goal-setting achievement, responsibility, perfection, rule keeping

2nd Born:
- more likely to be a learner & ask for care/help
- more manipulative/rebellious
- uses tactics to get parental attention
TRAITS: extroverted, funny, lighthearted, creative, flexible

Question 4

Describe the skills being focused on in the 3 developmental periods of childhood

Answer 4

0-2: trust, security, attachment

3-5: language, autonomy

5+: problem solving, social skills, individual interests

think about the ways siblings growing up in different stages may impact development

Question 5

What are the family dynamics that impact sibling relationships?

Answer 5

• parental power and role of empathy and authority
• parents co-parenting skills
• how parents handle stress (& the resources they have to cope with it)
• structure and consistency

Question 6

In general, what 4 main things affect sibling relationships?

Answer 6

Individual Traits + Developmental Period + Family Dynamics + Child’s disposition towards sibling

Question 7

When is sibling rivalry most common?

Answer 7

most common with siblings of same gender and when they’re less than 2 years apart

Question 8

Siblings 3-7 have about _______ conflicts per HOUR

Answer 8

3.5

Question 9

What are the benefits of siblings?

Answer 9

• younger children learn faster by observing siblings
• working as a team with siblings helps them in other areas (ex. peers at school)
• long term support with care of elderly parents
• possible antidote to loneliness
• more likely to share emotions/seek solutions when children have siblings

**promote EMPATHY, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, ACEDEMIC ACHIEVMENT

Question 10

What are “serve and return” responsive relationships?

Answer 10

where children reach for interaction (give the serve) and caregiver “returns the serve” by speaking back, laughing, responding in any way

Question 11

How many braincells are infants born with?

Answer 11

100 billion (unconnected)

Question 12

What is pruning/sculpting

Answer 12

the discarding of brain cells when connections are not made with them

a natural process that happens fastest in early childhood and continues slower in adolecense

Question 13

______ majorly interrupts brain development

Answer 13

toxic stress

Question 14

What is experinced-based brain development?

Answer 14

that experiences shapes brain architecture

Question 15

What is long reach development?

Answer 15

the process of early development influencing later development

Question 16

What is brain placisity?

Answer 16

the brain’s capacity to change in response to experiences

(greatest in early years!)

Question 17

What are the aspects of responsive care?

Answer 17

• responds to child’s own cues/signals
• recognizes both a child’s physical and emotional needs/limits
• promotes the child’s social and emotional development

Question 18

What are the 11 social determinants of health?

Answer 18

1. Income and social status
2. Employment and working conditions
3. Education and lieracy
4. EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
5. physical environments
6. social supports & coping skills
7. Healthy behaviours
8. Access to health services
9. Gender
10. Culture
11. Race

Question 19

Describe toxic stress?

Answer 19

chronic, excessive stress that exceeds a child’s ability to cope, especially without supportive adults

Question 20

Provide 2 ways where having high levels of severe stress affects a child’s future health outcomes?

Answer 20

• high levels of stress hormone (cortisol) can reduce the size of the hippocampus –> affect child’s memory abilities
• long periods of severe stress can cause a low threshold for stress –> hypersensitive to stress in the future

Question 21

What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

Answer 21

traumatic events in childhood
(ex. abuse, violence, family has substance or mental health problems, current/prior SES)

ACEs –> POOR HEALTH/WELL-BEING
(increased use of health services for physical, psychological & social health issues)

Question 22

What are the 6 important factors for a POSITIVE childhood experience?

Answer 22

1. Housing Quality/Security
2. Access to healthy food
3. Positive family relationships
4. Access to child care + early education
5. Access to healthcare
6. Prevention of toxic stress/ACEs (in and outside of family)

Question 23

What are the 5 components of Nurturing Care for early development?

Answer 23

1. good health
2. adaquate nutrition
3. security and safety
4. RESPONSIVE CAREGIVERS
5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLY LEARNING

Question 24

With attachment, peer relationships and stimulating environments, children can _____________

Answer 24

be sociable with other children/adults besides their immediate family

Question 25

What are differences with licensed and non-licensed child-care?

Answer 25

Licensed: - overseen by professional - must pass government requirements/standards Non-licensed: - not overseen by anyone - not illegal - wouldn't come up online when searching for child care

Question 26

Why might someone choose licensed over non-licensed child care?

Answer 26

ACCESSIBILITY --> often not a lot of licensed care available, esp. in rural areas and in urban centres with long wait lists *also affordability reasons

Question 27

What are Family Day Homes?

Answer 27

*can either be licensed or non-licensed Child care takes place in a family home, usually ran by a parent who is taking care of their own children

Question 28

Quality child care mitigates ____________

Answer 28

poor educational outcomes - especially for children with soci-economic disadvantages

Question 29

Longer duration in early childhood care is associated with ___________________

Answer 29

better student performance later in life

Question 30

In what ways does child care affect parents?

Answer 30

- Current climate for working parents (esp. labour force participation rate of mothers) - Careers desirable for all parents (childcare is essential in order for parents to work, go to school etc. --> special concern for women being out of the workforce/in precarious work) - Social determinants of health (family income/poverty both experienced by the child/family)

Question 31

What % of children in Canada are in some sort of childcare (full or part-time)?

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

Why do we not have enough early childhood educators?

Answer 32

- only a few get health benifits (33%) - 41% have no paid personal leave - only 17.7% have access to RRSPs/pensions from workplace - Avg. wage of $20/hr

Question 33

What 3 principles does play support?

Answer 33

1. Supporting responsive relationships 2. Opportunities to learn/develop 3. Reducing sources of stress

Question 34

What is symbolic play?

Answer 34

the ability to imagine one object as another

Question 35

What 6 things does play support?

Answer 35

1. Imagination/creativity (builds skills for future learning/problem solving) 2. Fosters cognitive growth (strengthens neural connections in brain) 3. Emotional & Behavioural benefits (help reduce anxiety, stress, irritability) 4. Improves literacy 5. Greater independence (solitary play is just as important --> allows children to feel more capable of tackling other tasks on their own) 6. Physical fitness (children learn how their bodies work!)

Question 36

What are the 4 ingredients of outdoor play?

Answer 36

1. Time (prioritizing time for play) 2. Space (providing interesting spaces to play - with **natural materials) 3. Freedom (giving them the freedom to explore their own play) 4. Risk (letting children figure out how their body recovers after certain things)