Quiz 3

Question 1

Fast; non-specific immune system response

Answer 1

Innate Immune system

Question 2

slow; specific immune system response

Answer 2

Acquired Immune system

Question 3

components of the innate immune system

Answer 3

skin, mucus membranes, flora, chemical barriers

phagocytosis, inflammation, fever

Question 4

components of the acquired immune system

Answer 4

specialized lymphocytes: B cells, T cells
antibodies

Question 5

WBCs that produce chemicals resulting in inflammation, allergies, ect.

Answer 5

Basophils and Mast Cells (0.5-1%)

Question 6

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

1) maintain fluid levels
2) react to bacteria
3) flighting cancer forming cells
4) absorbing some of the fats in our diet

Question 7

What is the benefit of microbial flora?

Answer 7

Microbial antagonism- competitive exclusion means there is no room for bad bacteria.
They produce toxins, alter pH, and O2 availability conditions

Question 8

What is the function of chemical barriers?

Answer 8

destroy pathogens by breaking up peptidoglycan or binding iron so bacteria can’t extract and use it

Question 9

Chemical in the stomach and bile that breaks up peptidoglycan

Answer 9

Lysozyme

Question 10

A protein that binds iron tightly so bacteria can’t extract and use it

Answer 10

Lactoferrin

Question 11

WBC that is phagocytic and eats large parasites

Answer 11

Eosinophils (2-4%)

Question 12

WBC that is the most numerous in the body; also phagocytic

Answer 12

Neutrophil (60-70%)

Question 13

which types of cells are lymphocytes

Answer 13

natural killer cells
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes

Question 14

Type of WBCs that are the best phagocytes. They excel at the detection and destruction of pathogens. They also present antigens to T-cells and initiate inflammation by releasing cytokines

Answer 14

Monocytes/ Macrophages

Question 15

WBCs that act like “tattle-tales”. They are involved in the initiation of the adaptive immune response

Answer 15

Dendritic Cells

Question 16

Signaling proteins released by WBCs.

Answer 16

cytokines

Question 17

Which kinds of WBCs use cytokines?

Answer 17

phagocytes, B cells, T cells

Question 18

A life threatening immune system over reaction where an overdose of cytokines damages healthy human cells

Answer 18

cytokine storm

Question 19

What is a common condition related to cytokine storms

Answer 19

ARDS (accuse respiratory distress syndrome)

Question 20

What is the max temp a human fever can run before resulting in death?

Answer 20

107F
41 C

Question 21

What is the function of TLRs?

Answer 21

Toll-like receptors bing to PAMPs on bacteria/viruses. They mediate human cell responses to pathogens. Different TLRs bind to specific pathogens

Question 22

A chemical that increases vasodilation and vascular permeability in an acute inflammation response

Answer 22

histamine

Question 23

Term for blood (WBCs) moving through blood vessels in the body

Answer 23

Diapedesis

Question 24

medical term for fluid and swelling

Answer 24

Edema

Question 25

Three steps of the immune response:

Answer 25

1) recognition phase- macrophages recognize trauma/infection 2) activation phase- immune cells release cytokines and other cell mediators 3) effector phase- phagocytes enter infection site and kill pathogens

Question 26

Three steps of phagocytosis

Answer 26

1) recognition phase- TLRs bind to PAMPs 2) activation phase- bacteria cells are internalized and fuse with lysosomes 3) effector phase- bacterial cells are digested and killed by the lysosomes (spit out by enzymes)

Question 27

Types of lymphocyte (within B and T cells) that attacks weird cells by secreting perforins and granzymes

Answer 27

natural killer cells

Question 28

glycoprotein that drills holes in the membrane of target cells

Answer 28

Perforin

Question 29

enzymes that induce cell death (apoptosis) in target cells

Answer 29

Granzymes

Question 30

A foreign substance that provokes B cells into producing antibodies. They're free floating in the blood/lymph

Answer 30

Antigen

Question 31

Part of the antigen that is recognized by the host immune system

Answer 31

Epitope

Question 32

A molecule in/on an pathogen that stimulates the innate immune system (inflammation, non-specific phagocytosis)

Answer 32

PAMP

Question 33

Protein produced by B cells that target and bind a specific antigen (bind to epitopes)

Answer 33

Antibodies

Question 34

Forms the antigen binding site. Can have millions of different configurations

Answer 34

Variable region

Question 35

Determines the destination (body location) of an antibody and it's type

Answer 35

Constant region

Question 36

Type of antibody that is produced first after B cell activation. High numbers indicate recent infection

Answer 36

IgM

Question 37

Type of antibody that makes up 80% of circulating antibodies. It provides immunity for fetuses and newborns

Answer 37

IgG; gamma globulin

Question 38

Type of antibody that provides resistance in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Secretary antibody.

Answer 38

IgA

Question 39

Where is IgA often found?

Answer 39

colostrum, tears

Question 40

Type of antibody that pays a role in allergic reactions

Answer 40

IgE

Question 41

Type of antibody that attaches to the surface of B cells (B cell receptors)

Answer 41

IgD

Question 42

What do activated B cells mature into?

Answer 42

plasma cells and memory cells