Quiz 4

Question 1

Immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection from sickness or a vaccine

Answer 1

Active immunity

Question 2

Immunity you develop through antibodies transferred from mom to baby (birth, breastmilk)

Answer 2

Passive immunity

Question 3

Any substance that prepares the immune system to recognize/respond to a pathogen resulting in immunity/protection

Answer 3

Vaccine

Question 4

A type of vaccine that contains weakened or inactivated whole antigens

Answer 4

Whole Agent Vaccines

Question 5

A type of vaccine that contains only a part of the antigen

Answer 5

Fragment Vaccinations

Question 6

Type of vaccine that contains RNA to make virus proteins

Answer 6

mRNA/ Viral Vector Vaccines

Question 7

Type of vaccine that contains weakened microbes

Answer 7

Live, attenuated vaccines

Question 8

Examples of live, attenuated vaccines

Answer 8

MMR, varicella, rotavirus, intranasal influenza

Question 9

Type of vaccine that contains dead pathogens

Answer 9

Inactivated vaccines

Question 10

Examples of inactivated vaccines

Answer 10

Polio, Hep. A, cholera, typhoid, plague

Question 11

Type of vaccine that contains inactivated toxins

Answer 11

Toxoid vaccines

Question 12

Examples of toxoid vaccines

Answer 12

DTaP, Botulism

Question 13

Type of vaccine that contains a part of the antigen that induces a strong immune response

Answer 13

Subunit vaccines

Question 14

Examples of subunit vaccines

Answer 14

Meningitis, Pneumonia, Hep. B

Question 15

Type of vaccine that contains weak antigens (glycocalyx) attached to strong antigens like tetanus toxin or diphtheria toxin

Answer 15

Conjugative vaccines

Question 16

Examples of a conjugative vaccine

Answer 16

Hib (Haemophilus Influenza)

Question 17

Type of vaccine that codes for the virus spike protein (in a lipid coating)

Answer 17

mRNA vaccine

Question 18

Examples or mRNA vaccines

Answer 18

Covid

Question 19

Type of vaccines that use a harmless virus to attach genetic material to cells

Answer 19

viral vector vaccines

Question 20

Examples of artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 20

transfer of antibody-rich serum

Question 21

Examples of viral vector vaccines

Answer 21

measles virus, and adenovirus

Question 22

Goal of herd immunity

Answer 22

enough people being vaccinated that the likelihood of an infected individual coming in contact with a susceptible individual is low

Question 23

Indicators of disease someone else can measure

Answer 23

signs (fever, vomiting)

Question 24

Indicators of disease that other people can’t see/measure

Answer 24

symptoms ( headache, nausea, fatigue)

Question 25

Process of combing signs and symptoms to find the most likely cause of an illness

Answer 25

differential diagnosis

Question 26

Type of infection where the pathogen invades on its own

Answer 26

primary infection

Question 27

Type of infection where the pathogen needs a deficiency in the innate immune system to invade the host

Answer 27

opportunistic infection

Question 28

Type of infection that takes advantage of conditions created by an initial infection by another pathogen

Answer 28

secondary infection

Question 29

term for bacteria growing in the blood stream

Answer 29

septicemia

Question 30

inflammatory response to septicemia that results in organ failure

Answer 30

sepsis

Question 31

Multiplication of a microbe in a host producing inflammation in the infected tissue

Answer 31

infection

Question 32

what is the result of most infections in a healthy individual

Answer 32

the immune system response with strong resistance and the individual is unaware of the infection

Question 33

A tissue/ organ in damaged due to strong prescence of a pathogen and/or low immune response

Answer 33

disease

Question 34

order of stages in disease progression:

Answer 34

Incubation Period > Prodromal Phase > Acute Period > Period of Decline > Period of Convalescence

Question 35

what is the 7 step program for pathogens invading hosts?

Answer 35

1) Establish recevoir 2) Transport to host 3) Breach host barriers 4) Evade destruction 5) Multiply 6) Damage the host 7) Leave the host (acute) or stay (chronic)

Question 36

degree to which a pathogen is capable of causing disease

Answer 36

virulence

Question 37

Example of a highly virulent pathogen

Answer 37

rabies

Question 38

Example of a moderately virulent pathogen

Answer 38

cold, flu

Question 39

structure/molecule a pathogen has that increases its ability to invade/cause disease in a host

Answer 39

virulent factor

Question 40

Degrees of virulence depends on:

Answer 40

If it's the right host for the pathogen the host immunity