QUIZ 3

Question 1

Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Sound Frequency

Answer 1

2 – 21 MHz

Question 2

Sound frequencies below the range of human hearing

Answer 2

below 20 hertz

Question 3

the range of human hearing in hertz

Answer 3

20-20,000

Question 4

Transducer/Probe

Answer 4

device that converts signals or energy from one form to another.

Question 5

TRANSDUCER COMPONENTS

Answer 5

-Matching Layer

-Crystals (piezoelectric elements) 

-Electrodes (hooked up to crystals)                            

-Backing Layer 

-Cable

Question 6

Piezoelectric Effect =

Answer 6

Electrical ⇒ Mechanical ⇒ Acoustic ⇒ Mechanical ⇒ Electrical

Question 7

VELOCITY = FREQUENCY x WAVELENGTH

Answer 7

Velocity: Speed of sound (m/s)

=

Frequency: Number of cycles per second (Hz)

x

Wavelength: Distance between 2 identical wavelength peaks (m)

Question 8

Diagnostic Imaging Probe Range

Answer 8

~ 2 – 21 MHz

Question 9

Higher frequency probes:

Answer 9

Better resolution

Less penetration

Question 10

Lower frequency probes:

Answer 10

Worse resolution

Better penetration

Question 11

Speed of sound in Soft Tissue

Answer 11

1540 m/s

Question 12

B-Mode Image

Answer 12

After transmitting the waves, the transducer “listens” for the reflected waves and plots the depth of points based on the time that has passed since they were transmitted

The brightness of each dot is dependent on the strength of the returning echo

Question 13

Doppler (color and pulse wave)

Answer 13

The Doppler equation is used to calculate the velocity of the moving material such as blood

Question 14

Anechoic

Answer 14

Echoes are absent – Dark Appearance

Question 15

Hyperechoic

Answer 15

Echoes are of higher intensity than surrounding tissue–
Bright Appearance

Question 16

Hypoechoic

Answer 16

Echoes are of lower intensity than surrounding tissue– Dark Appearance

Question 17

Isoechoic

Answer 17

Similar in echo intensity as surrounding tissue -
Similar Appearance

Question 18

Homogenous

Answer 18

Uniform texture throughout or smooth gray density – Uniform Appearance

Question 19

Heterogenous

Answer 19

Irregular texture or of mixed echogenicity -
Mixed Appearance

Question 20

CYST:

Answer 20

ANECHOIC

WELL DEFINED SMOOTH WALLS

GOOD SOUND TRANSMISSION

Question 21

MASS

Answer 21

HETEROGENOUS OR HOMOGENOUS OR COMPLEX

IRREGULAR WALLS (OFTEN)

POOR SOUND THROUGH TRANSMISSION (SHADOWING)

Question 22

STANDARD PLANES IN SONOGRAPHY

Answer 22

1.LONGITUDINAL/SAGGITAL

DIVIDES BODY OR STRUCTURE INTO RIGHT AND LEFT HALF

2.TRANSVERSE

DIVIDES BODY INTO SUPERIOR/ INFERIOR PORTIONS

3. SOMETIMES CORONAL DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR/ PROSTERIOR

Question 23

Screen Orientation

Answer 23

REMEMBER THE CHART

Question 24

Time Gain Compensation (TGC)

Answer 24

Adjusts the brightness in specific areas of the image. Usually slid pots. Near, Mis, far fields.

Question 25

Overall Gain-

Answer 25

Adjusts the overall brightness or uniform amplification of the returning echoes in the entire image. Usually, a knob is turned.

Question 26

EXAMPLES OF AREAS SCANNED

Answer 26

Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidneys/urinary bladder Vascular-Aorta/IVC/Portal/Hepatics Gynecology- Transabdominal and Transvaginal Obstetrics- 1st,2nd and 3rd Trimesters Superficial Structures- Breast, Thyroid, Testicles.