quiz 3

Question 1

inferior temporal area

Answer 1

a large subdivision in the visual cortex that processes visual stimuli, identifies objects in memory, and helps with visual recognition

Question 2

prosopagnosia

Answer 2

a condition where it is hard to recognize faces

Question 3

the “grandmother cell”

Answer 3

the theory that every person / face you know has a specific cell that fires when you see them

Question 4

distributed coding

Answer 4

representation of specific stimuli by the pattern of firing of many neurons

Question 5

the inverse projection problem

Answer 5

while one object in a given circumstance forms a single image on the retina, an image on the retina can be created by an infinite number of objects

Question 6

laws of organization

Answer 6

1. Pragnanz
2. Grouping
3. Perceptions of whole objects
4. Constant properties (shape, size, lightness)

Question 7

how do we group things?

Answer 7

similarity, proximity, good continuation, closure, common fate

Question 8

The grouping principle of _______ says that things that _____ together are grouped together.

Answer 8

common fate, move

Question 9

In Triesman’s feature integration theory, a target will “pop out” in the ________ stage of processing when the target is defined by a _________ such as a color or shape. If given a search task with a target that combines two or more features, the ___________ stage of processing will be used and response times will _______ with number of distractors.

Answer 9

preattentive, single feature, focused attention, increase

Question 9

The grouping principle of _______says that things that are ______ together are grouped together.

Answer 9

proximity, close

Question 10

In the classic gorilla experiment by Simon and colleagues, people often _______ notice a gorilla walking into a scene when they are not looking for it. This phenomenon is called _______.

Answer 10

FAIL TO, INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS

Question 11

two stages of feature processing

Answer 11

preattentive stage
focused attention stage

Question 12

preattentive stage

Answer 12

independent features

lines, curves, angles, colors, motion

Question 13

focused attention stage

Answer 13

combining of features

Question 14

inattentional blindness

Answer 14

a stimulus that is not attended is not perceived

Question 15

change blindness

Answer 15

difficulty in detecting changes in scenes

Question 16

hue

Answer 16

associated with color names

Question 17

saturation

Answer 17

inversely related to the amount of white

Question 18

brightness

Answer 18

related to intensity of light

Question 19

color comes from our __________

Answer 19

perceptual system

wavelengths in environment, reflected from objects

Question 20

selective reflection

Answer 20

different objects (based on what we perceive as their color) reflect/absorb some wavelengths more than others

Question 21

achromatic

Answer 21

reflection is flat across spectrum

Question 22

how many types of cone for color vision?

Answer 22

3, (s m l)

Question 23

why not 1 receptor only?

Answer 23

there would be no color

Question 24

two theories of color vision

Answer 24

1. Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory 2. Opponent Process Theory

Question 25

deutan color deficiency

Answer 25

altered m cones green missing or deficient red-green blindness can see blue/yellow

Question 26

protan color deficiency

Answer 26

altered L cones red missing or deficient red-green blindness can see blue/yellow

Question 27

tritan color deficiency

Answer 27

altered s cones problem with blue / yellow can see red / green

Question 28

monochromacy

Answer 28

at least two cones are non-functional

Question 29

tetrachromacy

Answer 29

fourth cone is present

Question 30

dichromatism

Answer 30

one photopigment is missing

Question 31

luminance

Answer 31

light reflected off surface to eye

Question 32

categories of depth cues

Answer 32

1. Primary 2. Secondary / Pictorial 3. Motion-produced

Question 33

accommodation

Answer 33

change in curvature of lens depending on distance useful at close distances

Question 34

convergence

Answer 34

eyes turn in when focusing on an object vergence angle: the orientation of the eye relative to looking straight ahead

Question 35

binocular disparity

Answer 35

the differences of the projection of equivalent points on the retina of each eye as a result of distance

Question 36

stereopsis

Answer 36

the impression of depth arising from binocular disparity

Question 37

horoptor

Answer 37

imaginary surface that passes through the point of fixation

Question 38

secondary depth cues

Answer 38

perception of size and distance are related

Question 39

stereoscope

Answer 39

device used to present two slightly displaced images to the eyes

Question 40

horizon ratio

Answer 40

extent of object above horizon divided by the extent of an object below the horizon

Question 41

relative size

Answer 41

two same size objects, farther one will have smaller image size

Question 42

familiar size

Answer 42

knowledge about the size of objects will influence judgements of distance

Question 43

size constancy

Answer 43

perception of an object's size remains constant even when distance (and retinal image size) changes perceived size = retinal size x perceived distance S = RxD

Question 44

when does good convergence / accommodation appear in infants?

Answer 44

3 months old

Question 45

when does good stereopsis appear in infants?

Answer 45

4-5 months old

Question 46

how do we test stereopsis in infants?

Answer 46

random-dot stereograms

Question 47

visual cliff

Answer 47

infants placed on a center board between two plexiglass surfaces

Question 48

occlusion

Answer 48

refers to how we perceive hidden objects

Question 49

viewpoint invariance

Answer 49

the ability to recognize that an object is still that object even when shown at different angles

Question 50

gestalt psychology

Answer 50

the importance of studying both the parts and the relationship between the parts

Question 51

transposable parts

Answer 51

even if the actual parts change, if relationships remain the same, we perceive the same whole like the birthday song

Question 52

dishabituation

Answer 52

infant senses difference in objects

Question 53

continued habituation

Answer 53

infant cannot tell difference between new object and old

Question 54

regularities

Answer 54

what is most likely to occur in the world

Question 55

where does ventral stream end?

Answer 55

temporal lobe

Question 56

ventral stream is responsible for ______

Answer 56

object identification, recognition, and facial recognition

Question 57

ventral >>> ____ pathway

Answer 57

what

Question 58

dorsal stream is responsible for ______

Answer 58

object location and guidance of action

Question 59

damage to the dorsal stream / parietal lobe causes

Answer 59

optic ataxia

Question 60

______ psychology perceive _____ from _____ and ______

Answer 60

Gestalt, wholes, parts, relations

Question 61

the olympic symbol is an example of the Gestalt principle of _____

Answer 61

pragnaz

Question 62

according to traisman, the ____ stage is the "glue" that combines all the incoming information about an object

Answer 62

focused attention