Quiz 4 (2)

Question 1

Why is motion important?

Answer 1

• important for survival
• helps establish figure from ground

Question 2

Autokinetic effect

Answer 2

in completely dark room, single dot will appear to move

Question 3

Motion aftereffects

Answer 3

after staring at movement in one direction, stationary object will appear to move in opposite direction

Question 4

Apparent motion

Answer 4

we perceive motion in a sequence of static images

Question 5

induced motion

Answer 5

when the background moves in one direction we perceive motion of the object in the other direction

Question 6

5 conditions for seeing motion

Answer 6

autokinetic effect, motion aftereffects, apparent motion, induced motion, real motion

Question 7

moon illusion

Answer 7

moon appears larger on the horizon than when its high in the sky

Question 8

emmert’s law

Answer 8

demonstrates size-distance scaling

size of the retinal image is fixed. perceived size of the afterimage changes with distance

Question 9

we perceive _____ from _____

Answer 9

structure, motion

Question 10

kinetic depth effect

Answer 10

3D structure of a stimulus is perceived from a moving 2D image

Question 11

representational momentum

Answer 11

perception of continued motion in still pictures

Question 12

surface segregation

Answer 12

uses motion to allow us to separate a figure from its background

Question 13

dynamic occlusion

Answer 13

as things move, they cover part of their background and uncover other parts

Question 14

point light walker displays - biological motion

Answer 14

movement creates perceptual grouping > perceive a biological figure from the relationships of moving points

Question 15

the middle temporal area in the dorsal stream

Answer 15

identified in monkeys as an area that held neurons sensitive to processing direction of motion

Question 16

neurons in MT

Answer 16

as dots coherence increases: MT neurons fire more rapidly and monkey judges direction of movement more accurately

Question 17

mirror neurons are found in the _______

Answer 17

premotor cortex

Question 18

when do mirror neurons respond?

Answer 18

both when a monkey makes a grasp or watches another make a grasp

Question 19

when do audiovisual mirror neurons respond?

Answer 19

when monkey performs action and hears sound associated with action

Question 20

why might mirror neurons be useful?

Answer 20

to understand other actions and imitate actions

Question 21

ecological approach to perception

Answer 21

no elaborate computations needed by the visual system

the environment is rich with information

Question 22

what is low vision?

Answer 22

loss of acuity and contrast sensitivity

Question 23

what is visual accessibility?

Answer 23

the use of vision to travel efficiently and safely through an environment

Question 24

the visual accessibility problem

Answer 24

it can be hard to predict the appearance of real world objects

Question 25

spatial learning with low vision

Answer 25

common for those with low vision to avoid new places, fear of getting lost if we can better understand spatial learning with low vision, we can increase independence

Question 26

mobility monitoring

Answer 26

when guided, error decreased, even when degraded vision >

Question 27

the optic array

Answer 27

the structure of the light in the environment is presented to the observer

Question 28

invariant information

Answer 28

information that remains constant even when the observer moves

Question 29

global optic flow

Answer 29

the movement of objects and surfaces in a scene relative to the observer

Question 30

affordances

Answer 30

opportunities for action provided by the environment

Question 31

embodied perception

Answer 31

how we use actions and our bodies to inform our space perception and spatial cognition