Quiz 3 Flashcards

Question

Positive symptoms

Answer 1

•Bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, or behaviors Pathological excesses or bizarre additions to a person's behavior •Delusions •Disorganized thinking and speech •Loose associations or derailment •Neologisms •Perseveration •Clang or rhymes •Inappropriate affect •Situationally unsuitable

Answer 2

Deficits in normal thought, emotions, or behaviors

Answer 3

•Slow, awkward movements, repeated grimaces, and odd gestures that have a private purpose; catatonia

Answer 4

Heightened perceptions: People may feel that their senses are being flooded by sights and sounds, making it impossible to attend to anything important. •Hallucinations: Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli •Most common are auditory and seem to be spoken directly to, or overheard by, the hallucinator.

Answer 5

Delusions of persecution: o “they are out to get you” •Delusions of reference: oPeople are talking about them, slandering them or spying on them •Delusions of grandeur: oPerson believes they have great wealth, power and influence over others •Delusions of control: oPeople, group of people or external forces controls one’s general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior

Answer 6

Pathological deficits •Poverty of speech (alogia) •Reduction of quantity of speech or speech content •May also say quite a bit but convey little meaning •Restricted affect •Show less emotion than most people •Avoidance of eye contact •Immobile, expressionless face •Blunted affect •Flat affect

Answer 7

Loss of volition (motivation or directedness) •Feeling drained of energy and interest in normal goals •Inability to start or follow through on a course of action •Ambivalence: Conflicted feelings about most things •Social withdrawal •Illogical and confused ideas •Withdrawal from social environment and attention only to own ideas and fantasies •Withdrawal leading to social skill breakdown, including ability to accurately recognize needs and emotions of others

Answer 8

Experienced by about 10% of people with schizophrenia •Awkward movements, repeated grimaces, and odd gestures •Movements seem to have a magical quality •Symptoms may take extreme forms, collectively called catatonia •Includes stupor, rigidity, posturing, and excitement Course of schizophrenia •Schizophrenia usually first appears between the late teens and mid-thirties

Answer 9

Prodromal: beginning of deterioration; mild symptoms Active: symptoms become apparent Residual: return to prodromal-like levels

Answer 10

Dominated by positive symptoms Seem to have better adjustment prior to the disorder, later onset of symptoms, and greater likelihood of improvement •May be linked more closely to biochemical abnormalities in the brain

Answer 11

Dominated by negative symptoms May be tied largely to structural abnormalities in the brain

Answer 12

Inheritance and brain activity play key roles in the development of schizophrenia •Genetic factors (diathesis-stress perspective) have research support •Relatives of people with schizophrenia •Twins with schizophrenia •People with schizophrenia who are adopted •Direct genetic research and molecular biology Certain neurons using dopamine fire too often, producing symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 13

The individual displays a long-term, rigid, and wide-ranging pattern of inner experience and behavior that leads to dysfunction in at least two of the following realms: •Cognition •Emotion •Social interactions •Impulsivity •The individual’s pattern is significantly different from ones usually found in his or her culture

Answer 14

Paranoid personality disorder •Schizoid personality disorder •Schizotypal personality disorder •People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia •Few people with these disorders seek treatment; treatment success is limited •Behaviors include extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and peculiar ways of thinking and perceiving things

Answer 15

Characterized by deep distrust and suspicion of others •Limited close relationships; cold and distant affect •Excessive trust in own ideas and abilities; critical of weakness and fault in others More common in men

Answer 16

Characterized by persistent avoidance and removal from social relationships; little demonstration of emotions •Prefer to be alone and keep to themselves •Preference for being alone; weak social skills •Limited expression of feelings Slightly More common in men

Answer 17

Characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd (even bizarre) ways of thinking, and behavioral eccentricities •Individuals believe unrelated events pertain to them in important ways; bodily illusions •Demonstrate difficulty keeping attention focused; •Conversation is typically digressive and vague, even sprinkled with loose associations Slightly more males

Answer 18

People with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard & violate others' rights •Person must be at least 18 years of age to receive this diagnosis (DSM-5) •Lie repeatedly, reckless, and impulsive •Little regard for other individuals and can be cruel, sadistic, aggressive, and violent •Higher rate of alcoholism, substance use disorder, or childhood conduct disorder and ADHD •Aside from substance-related disorders, this is the disorder most linked to adult criminal behavior.

Answer 19

Characterized by instability, including major shifts in mood, unstable self-image, and impulsivity •Unstable, intense, conflict-ridden interpersonal relationships •Prone to bouts of anger, which sometimes result in physical aggression and violence; also may direct impulsive anger inward and harm themselves

Answer 20

Some level of anxiety is a normal part of childhood •Common events •Parental problems or inadequacies •Genetic influences such as anxious temperament •Children may be strongly affected by parental problems or inadequacies •Divorce, illness, or long-term separation •Genetic studies suggest that some children are prone to an anxious temperament

Answer 21

children consistently fail to speak in certain social situations, but show no difficulty at all speaking in others

Answer 22

Depression in the young may be triggered by negative life events (particularly losses), major changes, rejection, or ongoing abuse •Childhood depression is characterized by such symptoms as headaches, stomach pain, irritability, and disinterest in toys and games •Clinical depression is much more common among teenagers than among young children •While there is no difference between rates of depression in boys and girls before age 13, girls are twice as likely as boys to be depressed by age 16. •Suicidal thoughts and attempts are common in teenagers

Answer 23

often considered an adult mood disorder, whose earliest age of onset is the late teens •Theorists suggest the bipolar disorder diagnosis has become a clinical “catch-all” that is being applied to almost every explosive, aggressive child •The current shift in diagnoses has been accompanied by an increase in the number of children who receive adult medications

Answer 24

Children with this disorder are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases, vindictive •Characterized by repeated arguments with adults, loss of temper, anger, and resentment •Children ignore adult requests and rules, blame others for their mistakes and problems, and repeatedly violate others’ basic rights

Answer 25

Individual repeatedly behaves in ways that ●violate the rights of other people ●ignores the norms or rules of society, ●beyond the violations displayed by most other people of the same age.

Answer 26

Often aggressive and may be physically cruel to people and animals •Many steal from, threaten, or harm their victims •Begins between 7 and 15 years of age •Overt-destructive pattern: Individuals display openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors •Overt-nondestructive pattern: Dominated by openly offensive but nonconfrontational behaviors such as lying •Covert-destructive pattern: Characterized by secretive destructive behaviors •Covert-nondestructive pattern: Individuals secretly commit nondestructive behaviors Relational aggression: Individuals are socially isolated and primarily display social misdeeds •Slander •Rumor-starting •Friendship manipulation •More common among girls than boys •Consequences of conduct disorder •School suspension; foster home placement; incarceration •Juvenile delinquency label

Answer 27

Children with elimination disorders repeatedly urinate or pass feces in their clothes, in bed, or on the floor •They have already reached an age at which they are expected to control these bodily functions

Answer 28

Repeated involuntary (or in some cases intentional) bed-wetting or wetting of one's clothes •Typically occurs at night during sleep, but may also occur during the day •May be triggered by a stressful event •Children must be at least 5 years of age to receive this diagnosis •Most cases of enuresis correct themselves without treatment •Treatment •Alarm treatment (bell-and-battery treatment); dry-bed training

Answer 29

Soiling; defecation into clothing; constipation •Less common than enuresis and less well researched •Usually involuntary •Seldom occurs during sleep •Starts after the age of 4 •More common in boys than in girls •Treatment •Intervention to eliminate constipation •Biofeedback, dietary changes

Answer 30

may be extremely unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, and rigid •Symptoms appear early in life, before age 3 •Approximately 80 percent of all cases appear in boys marked by limited imaginative play and very repetitive and rigid behavior—called perseveration of sameness. •Many individuals become strongly attached to particular objects—plastic lids, rubber bands, buttons, water—and may collect, carry, or play with them constantly.

Answer 31

may include jumping, arm flapping, and making faces. •May include self-injurious behaviors. •Children may at times seem overstimulated and/or understimulated by their environments.

Answer 32

when they display general intellectual functioning that is well below average, in combination with poor adaptive behavior •Educators and clinicians administer intelligence tests to measure intellectual functioning •An individual’s overall test score, or intelligence quotient (IQ), is thought to indicate general intellectual ability. •IQ must be 70 or lower •The person must have difficulty in such areas as communication, home living, self-direction, work, or safety •Symptoms must appear before age 18 •The most consistent sign of intellectual disability is learning very slowly

Quiz 3 Flashcards

Ch. 11-14 (59 cards)