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Bio 181 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the GP protein coupled receptor is to permit

A

Activation of A G protein

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2
Q

The activation of receptor tryosine kinases is characterized by

A

Dimerization and phosphorylation

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3
Q

Best function of channel receptor

A

Ion influx into the cell

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4
Q

Which of the phone statements about quorum sensing is false

A

Is cell-cell communication in eukaryotes

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5
Q

Signal transduction pathway can be best explained as

A

Sequence of changes in the series of molecules resulting in a response

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6
Q

The lock and key analogy for enzymes applies to the specificity of enzymes

A

Binding to their substrate

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7
Q

Which of the following describes some aspect of metabolism

A

Control activity, synthesis of macromolecules, breakdown of macromolecules

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8
Q

Firefly luciferase catalyzes the following reaction: Luciferin + ATP –> adenl-luciferin + pyrophosphate. What is the role of luciferase ?

A

Lowers the energy of the transition state of the reaction

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9
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs

A

In both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

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10
Q

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy containing products of glycolysis are

A

2 NADH
2Pyruvate
2ATP

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11
Q

Oxidavtive phosphorylation occurs

A

During the electron transport pathway

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12
Q

Which metabolic pathway is common to cellular respiration and fermentation?

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

When you have a severe fever, what grave consequences may occur if the fever is not controlled?

A

Change in tertiary structure of your enzymes

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14
Q

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

A

It is lost to the environment

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15
Q

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy

A

A molecule of glucose

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16
Q

One skeletal muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful this is now known to be caused bye

A

Build up of lactate

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17
Q

For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics

A

The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment

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18
Q

Which of the following is true for all exgonic reactions

A

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

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19
Q

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated bye

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

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20
Q

An electron loses potential energy when it

A

Shifts to a more electronegative Atom

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21
Q

Which of the following is an example of Cooperativity

A

A molecule finding out one unit of a tetramer allowing faster binding at each of the other three

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22
Q

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

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23
Q

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondria

A

Inner membrane

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24
Q

Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics

A

Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization

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25
Q

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

A

Glycolysis and fermentation

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26
Q

Which of the following is true about anabolic pathways

A

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

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27
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways

A

They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cells work

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28
Q

Which of the following statements describes NAD+

A

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis,pyruvate oxidation oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

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29
Q

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells

A

Cytosol

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30
Q

Why is ATP and important molecule in metabolism

A

it provides energy coupling between exergonic endergonic reactions

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31
Q

And cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by

A

A proton gradient across a membrane

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32
Q

The active site of an enzyme is the

A

Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme

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33
Q

How might an amino acid change at a site distance from the active site of the enzyme ultra the enzyme substrate specificity

A

By changing the shape of the protein

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34
Q

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules

A

Catabolic pathways

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35
Q

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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36
Q

Increasing the substrate concentration in enzymatic reactions could overcome which of the following

A

Competitive inhibition

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37
Q

According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis which is the following is correct

A

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzymes active site

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38
Q

The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits in earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as

A

Feedback inhibition

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39
Q

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent

A

Glycolysis

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40
Q

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

A

There enzymes have high optimal temperatures

41
Q

A chemical reaction that has a positive delta G is correctly described as

A

Endergonic

42
Q

Energy released by love drug test transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells

A

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

43
Q

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane

44
Q

Reactants capable of interacting to farm products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic they are known as the reactions

A

Activation energy

45
Q

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox reaction

A

Loses electrons and loses potential energy

46
Q

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction

A

By changing the shape of the enzymes active site

47
Q

Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed in part by the removal of carbon dioxide from one molecule of pyruvate

A

Acetyl CoA

48
Q

GTPase activity is involved in the regulation of signal transduction because it

A

Hydrolyzes GTP to a G protein

49
Q

Lipid soluble signaling molecules such as testosterone close the membranes of all cells only target cells because

A

Intracellular receptors are present only in target cells

50
Q

In a human karyotype, chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. If one of these Paris chosen such as 14 which of the following do the 2 chromosomes of the pair have in commom?

A

Length, centromere position, standing pattern, and treats coded for their gametes

51
Q

Hey human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

A

A sperm

52
Q

When A neuron response to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the Neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway

A

Signal molecule

53
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes a cyclin

A

It activates a CDK molecule when it is

In sufficient concentration

54
Q

One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups and then activating really proteins. Which type does this

A

Receptor tyrosine kinase

55
Q

A centromere is a region in which

A

Chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase

56
Q

Which of the following is a true transcription factor

A

They control gene expression

57
Q

Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding

A

Paracrine signaling

58
Q

Which of the following defines a genome

A

The complete set of an organisms genes

59
Q

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs

A

This statement is true for meiosis one only

60
Q

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis

A

Synapsis of chromosomes

61
Q

Lipid soluble signaling molecules, such as the stuff strewn, plus the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because

A

Intracellular receptors are present only in target cells

62
Q

What explains the increased concentration of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Calcium ions are actively imported from cytoplasm into the ER

63
Q

The function of phosphatases is signal transduction is best described as to

A

In activate protein kinases and turn off the signal transduction

64
Q

Which of the following is true concerning cancer cells

A

When they stop dividing, they do so at random points in the cell cycle. They are not subject to sales cycle controls, and they do not exhibit density dependent inhibition when growing and culture

65
Q

Cells from an advanced malignant tumor most often have very abnormal chromosomes often an abnormal total number of chromosomes. Why might this occur

A

Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints

66
Q

Why is apoptosis potentially threatening to the healthy neighbors of a dying cell?

A

Lysosomal enzymes exiting the dying cell would damage surrounding cells

67
Q

What is a cleavage Furrow

A

A groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei

68
Q

Which of the following is the best explanation for the fact that most transduction pathways of multiple steps

A

Multiple steps provide for greater possible amplification of a signal

69
Q

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis one

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated

70
Q

Scaffolding proteins

A

Large molecules to which several really proteins attach to facilitate Cascada effects

71
Q

Homologous chromosomes move toward opposit poles of a dividing cell during

A

Meiosis one

72
Q

For in anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur

A

Cohesion must be cleaved enzymatically

73
Q

Testosterone functions inside a cell by

A

Binding who is a receptor proteins that enters the nucleus and activate specific genes

74
Q

Adenylyl cyclase has the opposite effect of which of the following

A

Phosphodiesterase

75
Q

Density dependent inhibition

A

And cells become more numerous, the cell surface proteins of one cell contact the adjoining cells and they stop dividing

76
Q

Which of the following is a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle to become catalytically active

A

CDK

77
Q

Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells

A

Centrosome

78
Q

One difference between cancer cells in normal cells is that cancer cells

A

Continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together

79
Q

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis

A

Replication of the DNA

80
Q

After televisions one of meiosis the chromosome a make up of each daughter cell is

A

Haploid, And the chromosomes are closed of two chromatids

81
Q

Why has C. Elegans proven to be a useful model for understanding apoptosis?

A

The nematode undergoes a fixed and easy-to-visualize number of apoptotic events during its normal development

82
Q

Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis

A

To another chromosomes to move without becoming tangled and breaking

83
Q

The human X and Y chromosomes

A

Include genes determine and individuals sex

84
Q

After which checkpoint is this cell first committed to continue the cell cycle through M

A

G one

85
Q

The function of the G protein coupled receptors is to permit

A

Activation of a G protein

86
Q

The activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase is characterized by

A

Dimerization and phosphorylation

87
Q

Choose the best function of the channel receptor from below

A

Ion influx into the cell

88
Q

Which of the following statements about quorum sensing is false

A

Is cell cell communication in eukaryotes

89
Q

Signal transduction pathway can be best explained as

A

Sequence of changes in a series of molecules resulting in a response

90
Q

After telophase 1 of meiosis, the chromosomal make up of each daughter cell is

A

Haploid, the chromosomes are in each composed of two chromatids

91
Q

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell during

A

Meiosis one

92
Q

Karyotype

A

Organized images of a cells chromosomes

93
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of an organisms genes and other DNA sequences

94
Q

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Therefore, we can conclude that it must

A

Of gametes was 23 chromosomes

95
Q

Starting with a fertilized egg, a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells

A

32

96
Q

The first gap in the cell cycle G1 corresponds to

A

Normal growth and cell function

97
Q

What is the final result of mitosis in a human

A

Genetically identical 2n somatic cells

98
Q

Metaphase is characterized by

A

Aligning the chromosomes in the equator

Bio 181 (5 decks)

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