Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BCS 152-Language and Psycholinguistics > Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Quiz #3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Recursion

A

Used to create infinite sentences, keep adding info to a simple sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Repetition

A

Used to create infinite sentences, repeating certain words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Generative grammar

A

A system of rules that can generate all the grammatical sentences of a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Open class

A

Content words

-Nouns, verbs, adj, adv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Closed class

A

Function words

-Determiner, prepositions, conj, pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intransitive verb

A

Verb takes no object (lie, sleep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transitive verb

A

Verb takes one object (hug, kick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ditransitive verb

A

Verb takes two objects (give, put)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ditransitive double object (DO) example

A

“I gave my friend the book”

VP–> V NP NP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ditransitive prepositional object (PO) example

A

“I gave the book to my friend”

VP–> V NP PP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Agent

A

Instigator of an action (corresponding to subject, usually animate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Theme

A

The thing that has a particular location or change of location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Recipient

A

The person receiving the theme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Location

A

Where the theme is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Source

A

Where the theme is coming from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Goal

A

Where the theme is moving to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Time

A

Time of the event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Instrument

A

The thing used in causing the event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Argument structure

A

Thematic relation a verb is required to have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Globally ambiguous

A

Entire sentence has two possible structures (ex: “The boy saw the detective with the telescope”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Temporally ambiguous

A

Point in sentence where two structures are possible, but full sentence only has one possible structure (ex: “The soldiers warned about the dangers…”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Garden-path sentence

A

Grammatically correct sentence that starts in a way reader’s will interpret as incorrect, lured into parse that ends in dead end or yields unintended meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What info do comprehenders use to make parses? (2)

A
  1. Syntax-first theories: use only syntactic cues to construct parse
  2. Constraint-based theories: use all available info to figure out parse***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many parses do comprehenders consider? (2)

A
  1. Serial processing: one at a time

2. Parallel processing: more than one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Two-Stage Model (Garden Path Model)
- Serial and syntax first - Comprehenders always construct simplest parse - Only revise if they get later conflicting syntactic info
26
Minimal attachment
- Rule for constructing the simplest parse | - When a new phrase comes in, attach it so that you have to create the fewest number of new nodes as possible
27
Construct 2 versions of GP sentence
1. Ambiguous | 2. Unambiguous (use "that")
28
Late closure
Input should attach to the phrase that is currently being processed
29
Lexical biases
GP effect completely goes away, evidence against 2 stage model (ex: The landmine buried in the sand exploded")
30
Expectation-based syntactic comprehension
The processing difficulty of a word in a sentence is proportional to how probable it is given the prior context
31
Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (PCFG)
Like phrase structure rules, but with probabilities attached to them
32
N-gram models
n-gram = n words bigram(2): P(fell | barn) trigram(3): P(fell | the barn) ...
33
Distance from subject to verb
As RC gets longer, processing the verb will be harder because it's farther form the subject
34
Inrementality
In speech production, we plan as we go along
35
Egocentric production
Speakers only say what is easiest for production, regardless of how easy it is for comprehension (evidence supports this)
36
Audience design
Speakers take their listener into account during production and try to reduce ambiguity
37
What is linguistically involved in comprehension? (4)
1. Parsing 2. Solving ambiguity 3. Finding reference 4. Inference
38
Paradigms in studying processing and comprehension (3)
1. Self-paced reading 2. Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) 3. Sentence completion
39
What is cognitively involved in comprehension? (3)
1. Perception 2. Attention 3. Long-term memory
40
Inferring from nonsense
- Semantics>Syntax | - Top-down process
41
Types of inference (3)
1. Logical (ex: "My students are smart and diligent") 2. Bridging (backward) (ex; "Peter was drunk. Red Sox defeated Dodgers and won the World Series") 3. Elaborative
42
Representative speech act
Speaker is conveying their belief that a statement is true
43
Directive speech act
Speaker is trying to get the listener to do something
44
Commissive speech act
Speaker commits themselves to a future action
45
Declarative speech act
Speaker brings about a new state of affairs (ex: marrying people)
46
Expressive speech act
Speaker wishes to reveal his or her psychological state
47
Locutionary Force
What the sentence literally means
48
Illocutionary Force
What the speaker is trying to do with the sentence
49
Perlocutionary Force
The effect the sentence actually has on the listener
50
Pragmatics
The study of how we understand language beyond the literal meaning
51
Politeness Theory
We all have a public face, use indirect requests to reduce conflict and tension
52
Gricean Maxims (4)
1. Quality- truth 2. Quantity 3. Relevance 4. Manner-clear ways
53
Implicature
Truth of one suggests the truth of the other, can be cancelled
54
Entailment
Something that follows logically
55
Presupposition
Assumption
56
S Family Test
Way to determine presuppositions - Negation - Question - Embedding under modals (might, could, should) - Embedding under conditional (if-clause)
57
Conventional implicature
Typical implicatures triggered by specific words
58
Conversational/ad-hoc implicature
Sentence causes an implicature in a specific context (ex: blue square, green circle, green square and only given word "green")
59
Prosody
Stress and intonation patterns-can change meaning of sentence
60
Common ground
Mutual beliefs and knowledge shared between people

BCS 152-Language and Psycholinguistics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions