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quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anaplerotic reactions

A

reactions that form intermediates in a metabolic pathway like TCA but aren’t from precursors

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2
Q

Nutrients for Fats to Acetyl CoA

A

Carnitine

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3
Q

Nutrients for Carbs to Acetyl CoA

A

B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid

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4
Q

Nutrients for proteins to Acetyl CoA

A

B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid

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5
Q

Nutrients required for TCA cycle (1 AA, 3 minerals, 5 vits)

A

cystein, fe, mg, mn, b1,b2,b3,b5 lipoic acid

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6
Q

Anaplerotic — makes fumarate

A

Tyr, phe

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7
Q

Anaplerotic makes succinyl CoA

A

Leu, lle, val, met

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8
Q

Anaplerotic makes A-KG

A

Glu, his, arg, pro, gln

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9
Q

Anaplerotic makes OAA

A

Asp

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10
Q

TCA cycle leads to accumulation of

A

NADH and FADH2

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11
Q

ETC cytochromes require

A

CoQ10

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12
Q

What nutrient is required to synthesize CoA

A

B5

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13
Q

Fatty acyl-co A esters are transferred across the mitochondrial membrane via

A

carnitine shuttle

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14
Q

Carnitine shuttle is upregulated by CGD

A

carnitine, genistein, daidzein

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15
Q

Adipate is a __ carbon FA

A

6

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16
Q

Suberate is a __ carbon FA

A

8

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17
Q

Increase is adipate and suberate are due to (2)

A

leakage from peroxisomes, low b2

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18
Q

Treatment of increased adipate and suberate (2)

A

glycine and carnitine

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19
Q

Nutrients to lower ethylmalonate

A

carnitine and FAD,

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20
Q

Low fatty acid oxidation leads to accumulation of urinary

A

adipate, suberate, ethylmalonate

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21
Q

Carbohydrate metabolism markers (4)

A

lactate, pyruvate, B-hydroxybutyrate, oxalate

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22
Q

Anaerobic products of glycolysis

A

pyruvate —> lactate

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23
Q

Aerobic products of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate–> acetyl coA

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24
Q

Co Factors for pyruvate–> acetyl CoA

A

B1, B2, B3, B5

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25
Cori Cycle takes lactate from
mucle to liver to recreate glucose
26
Glucose to pyruvate is reducing NAD to
NADH
27
High pyruvate (2 nutrient cause)
Low b1 (can be depleted by alcohol) low b5
28
Treatment for High Lactate
B1 in infants
29
Treatment for high levels of Beta-hydroxybutryate
Chromium, vanadium, low carb diet
30
Oxalate + _____ = kidney stones
calcium
31
treatment for high oxalate
MG, citrate, vitamin D, antioxidants
32
Central energy pathway markers (8)
citrate, isocitrate, cis aconitate, a-ketobutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, hydroxymethylglutarate
33
Acetyl-CoA---> citrate (enzyme)
citrate synthetase
34
Citrat --> cis-Aconitate ---> isocitrate (enzyme)
aconitase
35
Citrat --> cis-Aconitate ---> isocitrate (nutrients) 2
Fe, cysteine
36
Isocitrate ---> A-KG (enzyme)
isocitrate dehydrogenase
37
Isocitrate ---> A-KG (nutrients) 3
Mn, Mg, NAD
38
Isocitrate ---> oxalosuccinate --> A-KG (enzyme)
isocitrate dehydrogenase/decarboxylase
39
Isocitrate ---> oxalosuccinate --> A-KG (NUTRIENTS)
mn, mg, NADP
40
A-KG ---> succinyl-CoA (enzyme)
a-KG dehydrogenase complex
41
A-KG----> succinyl-CoA (vitamin)
TPP, lipoic acid, FAD, NAD, MG, trans-succinylase, CoA/B5)
42
Succinyl-CoA---> succinate (enzyme)
Succinyl thiokinase
43
succinate-->fumarate (enzyme)
succinate dehydrogenase
44
Fumarate ----> malate (enzyme)
fumarase
45
Malate---> oxaloacetate (enzyme)
malate dehydrogenase
46
OAA+acetyl-CoA--> citrate =
starts cycle all over again
47
ETC needs
CoQ10
48
CItrate is high with low
ARG
49
High ALL TCA cycle intermediates =
low CoQ10
50
low citrate is correlated with
kidney stones
51
Isocitrate dehydrogenase converts isocitrate--> A-KG requires
MG, mn, nAD
52
High cis-aconatate with low isocitrate defect in
aconitase
53
high cis-aconitate with low isocitrate requires (2)
Fe, cysteine
54
deficiencines in what vitamins lead to accumulation of a-kg
B vitamins
55
glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) concerts glu->a-kg requiring which nutrient
B3
56
treat high succinate with
CoQ10 and B2
57
lleu and lle-> succinate requires what nutrient
b12
58
high fumarate and malate
low Coq10
59
high malate may be due to what nutrient deficinecy
b12
60
what nutrients will refill fumarate
phe/tyr
61
HMG-CoA lyase requires what nutrient
Mg and Mn
62
deficiency of HMG CoA lyase leads to high
HMG
63
BCKA degradation via BCKDC requires
B1 B2 b3 B5 and lipoic acid
64
Treatment of IEM
protein resctricted diet and supplemnentation with carnitine and glycine
65
deficiency of what vitamin leads to accumulation of xanthurenate and kynurenate via kynurenin pathway
b6
66
Kynureniase requires
b6
67
cofactor for carboxylases
biotin

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