Quiz 3 Material Flashcards by Cindy Heng

Q

Corticotropin (ACTH)

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Binds to receptors in the adrenal cortex, which stimulates the release of adrenocorticosteriods and adrenal androgens (part of fight or flight response)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Gonadorelin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Essential for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary (in pulse dose)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Somatotropin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Promotes cell proliferation, bone growth, cartilage synthesis, and decreses adipose tissue

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Somatostatin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Suppress GH and thyroid stimulating hormone release, also inhibits the release of insuling, glucagon, and gastrin

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Gonadotropins

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Regulates gonadal steriod hormones

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Results in the uptake of iodine and the synthesis of T3 and T4

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Prolactin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Primary function is to stimulate and maintain lactation (also to decrease reproductive function)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary: Stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Vasopressin/ADH

A

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary: Increases water permeability and reabsorption in the kidney, also causes constriction of vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Liothyronine

A

Thyroid Drugs: Act to replace/supplement the physiologic function of T3 (T3 replacement)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Levothyroxine

A

Thyroid Drugs: Act to replace/supplement the physiologic function of T4 (T4 replacement)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Methimazole

A

Thyroid Drugs: Inhibit a step in the production of thyroid hormone (some hormones already in storage, so there may be a delayed effect when first taking the drug)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thyroid Drugs: Inhibit a step in the production of thyroid hormone (some hormones already in storage, so there may be a delayed effect when first taking the drug)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Iodine, potassium iodide

A

Thyroid Drugs: Pharmacologic dose of iodide inhibits the production/release of hormone (MoA not known)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Estradiol

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Estrone

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Estriol

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Compete with estrogen for binding on estrogen receptors (in breast tumors); Different effects depending on tissue (agonism or antagonism)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Compete with estrogen for binding on estrogen receptors (in breast tumors); Different effects depending on tissue (agonism or antagonism)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Drospirenone (with esteradiol = YAZ)

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Q

Megestrol

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Q

Norelgestromin

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Norethindrone

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Progesterone

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

Mifepristone

Antiprogestin: Progesterone Antagonist

Testosterone

Androgens: Binds to a specific nuclear receptor; Testosterone itself is an active ligand in muscle and liver; Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA and stimulates the synthesis of specific RNAs and proteins

Dutasteride

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

Finasteride

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

Flutamide

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

Nilutamide

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

Bicalutamide

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

Insulin

Insulin: Bind to insulin receptors in the body and mimic the actions of insulin

Acarbose

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: These drugs prevent alpha-glucosidase from breaking down carbohydrates, minimizing upper intestinal digestion and absorption of carbs. Also decrease postprandial release of glucose.

Miglitol

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: These drugs prevent alpha-glucosidase from breaking down carbohydrates, minimizing upper intestinal digestion and absorption of carbs. Also decrease postprandial release of glucose.

Linagliptin

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

Saxagliptin

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

Sitagliptin

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

Exenatide

GLP-1 Agonists: Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore activity. Results in: potentiation of glucose-mediated insulin secretion, suppression of the postprandial glucagon release and slowed gastric emptying and loss of appetite

Liraglutide

GLP-1 Agonists: Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore activity. Results in: potentiation of glucose-mediated insulin secretion, suppression of the postprandial glucagon release and slowed gastric emptying and loss of appetite

Nateglinide

Meglitinides: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; Similar to sulfonylureas but bind to a different site on the receptor

Repaglinide

Meglitinides: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; Similar to sulfonylureas but bind to a different site on the receptor

Glimepiride

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

Glipizide

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

Glyburide

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

Pioglitazone

Thiazolidinediones: Improve whole-body insulin sensitivity by promoting or enhancing the local effects of insulin; Stimulates receptor in adipose tissue - resuling in transcription of a number of insulin-sensitive genes

Rosiglitazone

Thiazolidinediones: Improve whole-body insulin sensitivity by promoting or enhancing the local effects of insulin; Stimulates receptor in adipose tissue - resuling in transcription of a number of insulin-sensitive genes

Metformin

Other Diabetes Drug: Increases hepatic sensitivity to insulin (which decrease hepatic glucose production) and Increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; and suppresses the oxidation of fatty acids and reduces triglyceride levels

Pramlintide

Other Diabetes Drug: Delays gastric emptying and decreases glucagon secretion while improving satiety

Canagliflozin

Glucuretic: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which prevent reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increase urinary glucose excretion

Empagliflozin

Glucuretic: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which prevent reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increase urinary glucose excretion