Quiz 3: Ultrasonic/Implants

Question 1

Why is water used for ultrasonic? (5)

Answer 1

Irrigation, cools instruments, cavitation, acoustic microstreaming, acoustic turbulence

Question 2

what is: fluid lavage penetrates base of pocket

Answer 2

irrigation

Question 3

what is: forms bubbles/destroys bacteria

Answer 3

cavitation

Question 4

what is: the static pressure of the liquid reduces to below the liquid’s vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid

Answer 4

cavitation

Question 5

what is: very fast vibrations of the working end, fracturing calc

Answer 5

mechanical

Question 6

what is: procedure to remove small amounts of plaque from between the teeth and gums, done with a small, handheld tool known as a pocket or oral irrigator

Answer 6

irrigation

Question 7

purpose of irrigation:

Answer 7

Used to reduce gingivitis, bleeding and number of pathogens in sulcus

Question 8

what is:

• ultrasonic waves cause unidirectional fluid
• Forceful flow of cavitating fluid
• Enhances effectiveness beyond surface touched by oscillating instrument tip

Answer 8

acoustic microstreaming

Question 9

what is: washing out a body cavity with a medicated water solution

Answer 9

lavage

Question 10

what is: the number of times per second the insert tip moves back and forth in one cycle

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

frequency affects: (2)

Answer 11

affects the active tip area (higher tip area - smaller active tip area)

Question 12

stroke measured in

Answer 12

H

Question 13

Hertz units

Answer 13

Hz

Question 14

what is: how far the working end moves back and forth during one cycle

Answer 14

amplitude

Question 15

power level relates to

Answer 15

amplitude

Question 16

= short, less powerful strokes ex: light calculus deposits, plaque biofilm, removal of endotoxins

Answer 16

lower power

Question 17

= longer, more powerful strokes ex: heavy calculus removal

Answer 17

higher power

Question 18

the ability to increase or decrease the stroke (amplitude)

Answer 18

power setting

Question 19

***power setting should be placed at the ______ effective setting to avoid patient discomfort and damage to the tooth structure

Answer 19

lowest

Question 20

scaler that is driven by compressed air

Answer 20

sonic scalers

Question 21

scaler that is driven by electrical energy

Answer 21

ultrasonic scalers

Question 22

both electrical energy and compressed air lead to

Answer 22

high frequency sound waves

Question 23

sonic vs ultrasonic: tip rotates and all sides are effective

Answer 23

sonic

Question 24

sonic vs ultrasonic: lateral sides active (2-4mm)

Answer 24

ultrasonic (piezoelectric)

Question 25

sonic vs ultrasonic: minimal heat generated

Answer 25

sonic - little water needed to lavage

Question 26

piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: 25,000-50,000 cps

Answer 26

piezo

Question 27

piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: 18,000-45,000cps

Answer 27

magneto

Question 28

ultrasonic scaler with all sides active:

Answer 28

magneto and sonic

Question 29

ultrasonic scaler with later sides active:

Answer 29

piezo

Question 30

piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: activated by change in crystals (handpiece with interchangeable TIPS)

Answer 30

piezo

Question 31

piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: magnetized stacks convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations (generates heat) -- interchangeable INSERTS

Answer 31

magneto

Question 32

using a powered instrument for deplaquing, the ideal frequency and amplitude should be

Answer 32

low/low

Question 33

for heavy calculus removal, the ideal frequency and amplitude should be

Answer 33

high/high

Question 34

reasons to match tip design to the task(3):

Answer 34

Straight tip for simple anatomy Curved tip for complex anatomy, furcations and proximal areas Diameter and cross section of tip

Question 35

Burnished calc results from: (2)

Answer 35

Inappropriate power setting | Incorrect technique or worn tips

Question 36

____ _____ is impervious to detection

Answer 36

burnished calc

Question 37

_______ _____ may indicate presence of burnished calculus

Answer 37

bleeding points

Question 38

Indications for use of ultrasonic:

Answer 38

Propy of any degree/tenacity of plaque, calculus, and stain removal Nonsurgical periodontal therapy: debridement and root planing Gingivitis & periodontitis: perio maintenance Removal of amalgam overhang, excess ortho/restoration cement Natural teeth and dental implants

Question 39

When NOT to use ultrasonics?

Answer 39

DO NOT use on primary & newly erupted teeth as they have large pulp chambers and exposed dentin and demineralized areas DO NOT use on damaged restorations: porcelain fracture, reduce marginal integrity, composite surface defects, scratch/corrode dental implant crowns, abutment, and post

Question 40

contraindications for use: list communicable diseases (3)

Answer 40

TB, active hepatitis, strep throat

Question 41

contraindications for use: immunocompromised (3)

Answer 41

chemotherapy, organ transplant, uncontrolled diabetes

Question 42

contraindications for use: respiratory risks

Answer 42

COPD, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, CVD, pulmonary disease

Question 43

contraindications for use: conditions that cause difficulty swallowing and prone to gagging (4)

Answer 43

MS, muscular dystrophy, parkinsons, paralysis

Question 44

what is NO LONGER a contraindication for use with piezo scaler?

Answer 44

unshielded cardiac pacemaker

Question 45

most common, surgically placed in the bone, placed in parts

Answer 45

endoseal

Question 46

endoseal part (4)

Answer 46

implant fixture, abutment, crown, screw

Question 47

Requires a two-piece assembly: an abutment is attached to the implant with a screw.

Answer 47

cemented implant crown

Question 48

advantages of cemented implant crown:

Answer 48

looks like a natural tooth, more cosmetic flexibility

Question 49

disadvantages of cemented implant crown:

Answer 49

cement can cause inflammation and bone loss, removal options are limited.

Question 50

Requires a one-piece assembly: a crown is attached to the implant with a screw.

Answer 50

screw retained implant crown

Question 51

advantages of screw retained implant crown

Answer 51

easy access to the screw, no cement required

Question 52

disadvantages of screw retained implant crown

Answer 52

crown may chip near access hole, cosmetic appearance may not be as ideal.

Question 53

name the implant type not commonly used today, surgically placed under gingival tissue over alveolar ridge, used on patients with inadequate alveolar bone because it is not inserted in bone augmentation.

Answer 53

subperiosteal

Question 54

name the implants that used for placement of bridges and dentures

Answer 54

endosteal implant supported prosthesis

Question 55

the fim, direct, and lasting biological attachment of a metallic implant to vital bone with no intervening connective tissue.

Answer 55

osseointegration

Question 56

inflammation of the gingival soft tissue (reversible)

Answer 56

peri-mucositis

Question 57

inflammation of the gingival soft tissue and rapid loss of crestal bone (irreversible)

Answer 57

peri implantitis