Quiz 4 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Main signal senders of the endocrine system are:
A
-hypothalamus
-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenal
-pancreas
-gonads
2
Q
the endocrine system can:
A
-adjust levels of nutrients in the blood
-excrete excess nutrients
-help the body respond to its environment
-direct growth and development
3
Q
main role of hypothalamus:
A
to direct activity of the pituitary gland
4
Q
main role of the thyroid gland:
A
makes hormones that affect the body’s metabolism and helps control calcium level in the blood
5
Q
role of pancreas
A
endocrine gland and a gastrointestinal organ that sends hormone directly into the blood that helps keep blood sugar level in balance
6
Q
main role of adrenal gland
A
makes fight or flight hormone - adrenaline
-adrenal cortex makes 2 types of hormones: one that keeps mineral levels in balance and maintains the proper volume of water and salt in the blood, and another that helps keep blood sugar levels in balance and affects your body’s response to inflammation
7
Q
main role of gonads
A
help with reproduction and with expression of male and female characteristics
8
Q
aden/o
A
gland
9
Q
adren/o, adrenal/o
A
adrenal gland
10
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
11
Q
pituitar/o, hypophys/o
A
pituitary gland
12
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
13
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid
14
Q
the pituitary gland makes what kind of hormones?
A
-ACTH: stimulates outer part of adrenal gland
-TSH: stimulates thyroid
-LH and FSH stimulate gonads
-GH
-Prolactin
15
Q
the thyroid makes three hormones:
A
T4, T3, and calcitonin
16
Q
calcitonin:
A
hormone that encourages uptake of calcium into bone
17
Q
parathyroid hormone
A
helps keep the level of calcium in the blood from getting too low by releasing calcium from bones into blood
18
Q
pancreas makes:
A
-insulin: decreases the level of sugar in the blood
-glucagon: tells the liver to release stored sugar and increases level of sugar in the blood
19
Q
ACTH stimulates cortex to release:
A
corticosteroids: steroid hormones made in the cortex
-mineralcorticoids: hormones dealing with mineral balance
-glucocorticoids: deal with sugar balance
-testosterone and estrogen
20
Q
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
A
sugar
21
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
22
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating hormone
23
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
24
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
25
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremeties
26
adrenal virilism
development of male secondary sexual characteristic caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland
27
exophthalamos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
28
goiter
swollen thyroid gland
29
hypoglycemic
pertaining to low blood sugar
30
myxedema
swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin
31
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
32
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary glan
33
polydipsia
excessive thirst
34
polyuria
excessive urination
35
euglycemia
good blood sugar
36
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
37
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
38
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
39
uremia
presence of urinary waste in the blood
40
adrenaline
hormone secreted by adrenal galnd
41
corticotropin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
42
epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
43
gonadotropin
hormone that stimulates the gonads
44
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
45
endocrine
to secrete internally
46
endocrinologist
specialist in internal secretion
47
euthyroid
normal functioning thyroid
48
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
49
adenoma
glandular tumor
50
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin
51
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
52
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
53
hyperparathyroidism
overproduction by the parathyroid glands
54
hyperpituitarism
over functioning of the pituitary gland
55
hyperthyroidism
overproduction by the thyroid
56
hypoparathyroidism
underproduction by the parathyroid
57
hypopituitarism
condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland
58
hypothyroidism
underproduction by the thyroid
59
hypothyroidism
underproduction by the thyroid
60
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
61
panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
62
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid
63
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (extreme version called "thyroid storm")
64
adenectomy
removal of a gland
65
adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland
66
hypophysectomy
removal of the pituitary gland
67
pancreatectomy
removal of the pancreas
68
parathyroidectomy
removal of the parathyroid
69
thymectomy
removal of the thymus
70
thyroid function tests
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid
71
thyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid
72
thyroidotomy
incision into the thyroid
73
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
74
erythrocytes are transport trucks that bring ____
oxygen to all cells of the body and take away waste
75
leukocytes fight ____
infection
76
thrombocytes ____
patch things up
77
hemoglobin:
grabs on to oxygen when the surrounding oxygen levels are high and releases it when oxygen levels are low; helps carry fresh oxygen from lungs to all parts of the body that need it
78
______ protect the body from invasion
leukocytes
79
the blood contains different types of white blood cells that fight different infections:
neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and a protective protein: immunoglobulin
80
thromb/o
clot
81
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
82
cyt/o
cell
83
leuk/o
white
84
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
85
the lymphatic system function:
excess fluid from body tissues collects into lymph vessels that pour into larger vessels. This fluid then pour back into the body's blood supply
86
the lymph system includes:
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, a spleen, and a thymus
87
lymph vessels carry _____ proteins to all parts of the body
immune
88
lymph nodes and the spleen act as _____
filters in the body, filtering out dangerous things such as infectious agents and cancerous cells
89
lymph nodes and the spleen act as _____
filters in the body, filtering out dangerous things such as infectious agents and cancerous cells
90
myel/o
bone marrow, spine
91
-emia
blood condition
92
tonsill/o
tonsils
93
splen/o
spleen
94
-penia
deficiency
95
two ways of looking at blood cells:
-complete blood count: a machine counts the number of each type of cells in the blood
-looking at their size and shape
96
anemia
lower than normal number of red blood cells
97
erythrocytosis or polycythemia
a higher than normal number of red blood cells
98
leukopenia
low number of white blood cells caused by an infection
99
immunodeficiency
a very low number of white blood cells meaning the patient has a weakened immune system
100
neutropenia
low number of neutrophils
101
people are more at risk if they are low in a specific type of
white blood cell
102
leukocytosis
high number of white blood cells - common marker for infection
103
thrombocytopenia
low platelet number which can lead to easy bleeding and bruising
104
thrombocytosis
having too many platelets in the blood - indicates inflammation
105
causes for anemia with small RBCs (microcytosis) include
iron deficiency and lead poisioning
106
anemia with enlarged blood cells (macrocytosis) can be a result of
folate or B12 deficiency
107
normal-sized blood cell (normocytic) anemias include
bleeding and anemia from chronic disease
108
two types of blood cells with abnormal shapes:
spherocytes and elliptocytes
109
lymphadenopathy
lymph nodes are swollen and painful
110
lymphedema
when lymph vessels become swollen, they can cause swelling in arms and legs
111
lymphangiogram
image that examines lymph vessels
112
Lymphatic system issues can be seen with a
CT scan
113
asplenia
absence of a spleen
114
embolism
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
115
embolus
mass of matter present in the blood
116
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
117
hemolysis
breakdown of blood cells
118
thromboembolism
if platelet levels are too high, patient runs the risk of experiencing abnormal blood clotting and forming a floating clot; blockage of a vessel caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
119
thrombosis
formation of a blood clot
120
thrombus
blood clot
121
hepatosplenomegaly
enlargement of the liver and spleen
122
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
123
hematocrit
test to separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
124
hematology
study of the blood
125
plebotomist
specialist in drawing blood
126
plebotomy
incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood
127
sphygmomanometer
fancy name for the devise used to measure blood pressure
128
immunocompromised
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
129
immunodeficiency
having an immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms
130
immunosuppression
reduction in the activity of the body's immune system
131
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
132
aplastic anemia
anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
133
hemolytic anemia
anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells
134
hyperlipidemia
excessive fat in the blood
135
septicemia
presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood
136
lymphadenitis
inflammation of a lymph gland (node)
137
lymphangitis
inflammation of lymph vessels
138
mononucleosis
condition characterized by an an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes
139
splenorrhexis
rupture of the spleen
140
leukemia
cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells
141
lymphoma
cancerous tumor originating in lymphocytes
142
myeloma
cancerous tumor of the bone marrow; when the tumors are present in several bones, it is multiple myeloma
143
anticoagulant
drug that prevents the coagulation of blood
144
thrombolytic
drug that breaks down blood clots
145
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)
146
apheresis
general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient's blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient's body
147
cytapheresis
apheresis to remove cellular material
148
plasmapheresis
apheresis to remove plasma
149
plateletpheresis
apheresis to remove platelets (for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)
150
transfusion
infusion into a patient of blood from another source
