Quiz 6 Flashcards
(367 cards)
1
Q
the upper GI tract includes:
A
mouth, esophagus, and stomach
2
Q
the lower GI tract included:
A
small and large intestines
3
Q
or/o, stomat/o
A
mouth
4
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
5
Q
dent/o, odont/o
A
tooth
6
Q
gloss/o, lingu/o
A
tongue
7
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
8
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
9
Q
the small intestine is made up of three parts:
A
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
10
Q
in the _______, chemicals from the liver (bile) and the pancreas mix with the food. The food continues digestion in the _____ and ______, then into the large intestine.
A
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
11
Q
the stool pass through the:
A
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon into the rectum, where it waits to be excreted
12
Q
enter/o
A
intestines
13
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
14
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
15
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
16
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon (large intestine)
17
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
18
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
19
Q
an/o
A
anus
20
Q
proct/o
A
anus and rectum
21
Q
the ____ is the largest gland in the body
A
liver
22
Q
function of liver:
A
helps get rid of dangerous toxins, plays a role in energy storage, and makes bile
23
Q
bile is sent to two places:
A
the small intestine and gallbladder
24
Q
Bile enters the small intestine by the _________. Bile breaks big pieces of fat into ____
A
common bile duct, smaller pieces
25
function of the pancreas
makes enzymes that break apart proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
26
bil/i, chol/e
bile (gall)
27
sial/o
saliva
28
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
abdomen
29
the abdomen is surrounded by a membrane called:
the peritoneum
30
cyst/o
bladder
31
doch/o
duct
32
hepat/o, hepatic/o
liver
33
pancreat/o
pancreas
34
peritone/o
peritoneum
35
aphagia
inability to eat
36
dentalgia
tooth pain
37
dyspepsia
bad digestion
38
gastralgia
stomach pain
39
gastrodynia
stomach pain
40
gingivostomatitis
inflammation of the mouth and gums
41
hematemesis
vomiting blood
42
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
43
odontalgia, odontodynia
tooth pain
44
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
45
diarrhea
passing of fluid or unformed feces
46
dysentery
another name for diarrhea
47
hemorrhoid
inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus
48
icterus
another name for jaundice
49
jaundice
yellowing of skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood
50
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
51
stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
52
stomatosis
mouth condition
53
flatus
medical term for passing gas
54
hernia
rupture or protusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
55
ascites
retention of fluid in the peritoneum
56
cholelith
gallstone; stone in the bile
57
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
58
pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
59
sialolith
stone in the saliva
60
colonoscopy
procedure for looking at the colon
61
endoscopy
procedure of looking inside
62
esophagoscopy
procedure for looking inside the esophagus
63
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach and duodenum
64
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent
65
gastroscopy
procedure for looking at the stomach
66
laparoscope, laparoscopy
instrument/procedure for looking inside the abdomen
67
nasogastric tube (NGT)
tube inserted through the nose into the stomach
68
proctoscope/proctoscopy
instrument/procedure for looking at the anus and rectum
69
sigmoidoscopy
procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon
70
cholangiogram
record of the bile vessels (ducts)
71
cholangiography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts)
72
cholangiopancreatography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas
73
pancreatography
procedure for mapping the pancreas
74
bariatrics
branch of medicine dealing with weight issues
75
gastroenterologist
specialist in the stomach
76
gastroenterology
study of the stomach and intestines
77
orthodontics
branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth
78
orthodontist
specialist in straightening teeth
79
proctologist
specialist in the anus, rectum, and colon
80
proctology
branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon
81
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
82
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
83
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
84
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus
85
colitis
inflammation of the colon
86
duodenitis
inflammation of the duodenum
87
fistula
any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there
88
colorectal carcinoma
cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum
89
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile vessels (ducts)
90
cholecystitis
inflammation of the bile (gall) bladder
91
choledocholithiasis
presence of a stone in the common bile duct
92
cholelithiasis
presence of a gallstone
93
cirrhosis
liver disease named fro the change in color in the liver (yellow)
94
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
95
laparocele
abdominal hernia
96
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
97
peironitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
98
sialoadenitis
inflammation of the salivary glands
99
sialolithiasis
presence of salivary stone
100
antacid
agent that neutralizes acid
101
antiemetic
agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting
102
cathartic
agent that produces bowel movement
103
gasterctomy
surgical removal of the stomach
104
gastroduo-denostomy
creation of an opening between the stomach and the duodenum
105
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
106
odontectomy
surgical removal of a tooth
107
anastomosis
creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes
108
colostomy
creation of an opening in the colon
109
duodenectomy
surgical removal of the duodenum
110
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
111
herniorrhaphy
suture of a hernia
112
ileostomy
creation of an opening in the ileum
113
abdominocentesis
puncture of the abdomen (usually to draw fluid)
114
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gall bladder
115
choledocholithectomy
surgical removal of a stone from the common bile duct
116
cholelithotripsy
crushing of bile (gall) stones
117
laparoscopic surgery
the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery
118
pancreatectomy
surgical removal of the pancreas
119
pancreatolithectomy
surgical removal of stones in the pancreas
120
sialoadenectomy
surgical removal of a salivary gland
121
N&V
nausea and vomiting
122
NGT
nasogastric tube
123
NPO
nothing by mouth
124
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
125
Blood passes through the kidneys into a cluster of small blood vessels known as the _____
glomerulus
126
Flow of filtrate through urinary system:
glomerulus - small tubes - renal pelvis - ureters - bladder - urethra
127
glomerul/o
glomerulus
128
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
129
pyel/o
renal pelvis
130
ur/o, urin/o
urine
131
lith/o
stone
132
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder
133
urethr/o
urethra
134
ureter/o
ureter
135
the male reproductive system is made up of the:
testicles, epididymis, the seminiferous tubules, the prostate gland, and penis
136
Testicles produce?
sperm and testosterone
137
epididymis stores:
sperm
138
during sex, sperm cells travel out of the epididymis via:
the vas deferens
139
Seminal vesicles and prostate gland make:
semen
140
balan/o
penis
141
epididym/o
epididymis
142
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
testicle
143
prostat/o
prostate
144
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i
sperm
145
anuria
lack of urination
146
cystalgia, cystodynia
pain in the bladder
147
dysuria
painful urination
148
enuresis
involuntary urination
149
hematuria
bloody urination
150
incontinence
inability to control urination
151
oliguria
low urine output
152
polydipsia
excessive thirst
153
polyuria
excessive urination
154
pyuria
pus in the urine
155
urethrodynia
pain in the urethra
156
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
157
urodynia
painful urination
158
balanorrhea
discharge from the penis
159
orchialgia, orchiodynia
testicle pain
160
orchichorea
involuntary jerking movement of the testicles
161
orchidoptosis
downward displacement of a testicle
162
priapism
persistent and painful erection
163
albuminuria
protein in the urine
164
azoturia
excess nitrogen in the urin
165
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
166
dipsogenic
creating thirst
167
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
168
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
169
nephrosis
kidney condition
170
uremia
urine in the blood
171
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
172
cystoscopy
process for examining the bladder
173
nephroscopy
procedure for examining a kidney
174
urethroscopy
process of examining the urethra
175
nephrosonography
procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves
176
pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis
177
renal angiography
process of imaging a kidney blood vessel
178
renal arteriogram
image of a kidney artery
179
retrograde pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney
180
ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves
181
transrectal ultrasonography
procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly the prostate)
182
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy
183
diuresis
excessive urination
184
nephrologist
specialist in the kidneys
185
urologist
specialist in the urinary tract
186
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
187
aspermia
condition characterized by lack of sperm
188
cryptorchidism
hidden testicle
189
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass in a testicle
190
hypospadias
birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end of a penis
191
phimosis
contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted
192
prostatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the prostate
193
digital rectal exam (DRE)
examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
194
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
195
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli
196
hydronephrosis
kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
197
nephritis
inflammation of a kidney
198
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney
199
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of a kidney
200
nephromegaly
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
201
nephropathy
any kidney disease
202
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
203
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
204
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
205
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
206
pyelopathy
disease of the renal pelvis
207
renal failure
kidney failure
208
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure
209
ureteritis
inflammation of a ureter
210
ureteropyelonephritis
inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter
211
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
212
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
213
renal cell carcinoma
cancer of the kidneys
214
testicular carcinoma
testicular cancer
215
balanitis
inflammation of the penis
216
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate
217
orchiditis, orchitis
inflammation of the testicles
218
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
219
testitis
inflammation of a single testicle
220
varicocele
overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor
221
gonorrhea
discharge from the gonads
222
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
223
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body
224
heminephrectomy
surgical removal of half a kidney
225
kidney dialysis, hemodialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood
226
laparonephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
227
lithectomy
surgical removal of a stone
228
lithotripsy
breakdown of a stone
229
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
230
nephrolithotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
231
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
232
nephrostomy
creation of an opening in a kidney
233
nephrotomy
incision into a kidney
234
nephrotoxin
agent poisonous to the kidney
235
pyelolithotomy
incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone
236
pyelostomy
creation of an opening in a renal pelvis
237
ureteroplasty
surgical reconstruction of a ureter
238
urinary catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine
239
antispasmodic
drug used to prevent spasm
240
diuretic
agent that causes urination
241
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
242
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
243
orchidectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
244
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
245
orchidotomy
incision into a testicle
246
orchiectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
247
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
248
orchioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a testicle
249
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate
250
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
251
vasectomy
surgical removal of the vas deferens
252
vasovasostomy
creation of an opening between two vessels; term for vasectomy reversal
253
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
254
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
255
OAB
overactive bladder
256
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
257
RP
retrograde pyelogram
258
the vulva includes the:
clitoris, labia majora and labia minora, the urethral meatus, and the vaginal opening
259
colp/o, vagin/o
vagina
260
episi/o, vulv/o
vulva
261
perine/o
perineum
262
gynec/o, gyn/o
woman
263
mast/o, mamm/o
breast
264
lact/o
milk
265
cervic/o
cervix
266
hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o
uterus
267
pelv/i
pelvis
268
oophor/o, ovari/o
ovary
269
men/o
menstruation
270
salping/o
fallopian tube
271
amni/o
amnion
272
chori/o, chorion/o
chorion
273
-cyesis
pregnancy
274
toc/o
labor
275
fet/o
fetus
276
part/o, nat/o
birth
277
amenorrhea
no menstruation
278
dysmenorrhea
painful mestruation
279
hysteralgia, hysterodynia
pain in the uterus
280
mastalgia
breast pain
281
mastoptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the breast
282
menorrhagia
excessive menstrual flow
283
menorrhalgia
painful menstruation
284
metrorrhagia
menstrual bleeding at irregular times
285
oligomenorrhea
infrequent or light menstrual periods
286
ovaralgia, ovarialgia
pain of the ovaries
287
vaginodynia
vaginal pain
288
vulvodynia
pain in the vulva
289
amniorrhea
discharge of amniotic fluid
290
amniorrhexis
rupture of the amniotic sac
291
Braxton Hicks contraction
sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor; also known as false labor
292
contraction
shortening or tightening of a muscle, during labor, the uterine muscles contract
293
colpoptosis
downward displacement of the vagina
294
hypermastia
excessively large breasts
295
hypomastia
abnormally small breasts
296
hysteroptosis
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
297
colposcopy
procedure for examining the vagina
298
hysterosalpingogram
record of the uterus and fallopian tubes
299
hysteroscope
instrument for examining the uterus
300
mammogram
record of a breast exam
301
pap smear
test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix
302
transvaginal sonography
imaging procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted in the vagina
303
endometrium
inner layer of uterine tissue
304
gynecology
study of medical issues specific to women
305
myometrium
middle layer of uterine muscle tissue
306
bradytocia
slow labor
307
systocia
difficult labor
308
gravida
another term for pregnant
309
hysterocele
hernia of the uterus
310
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
311
amniocentesis
surgical puncture of the amnion
312
cardiotocograph
instrument for recording the baby's heart rate during contractions; also known as a fetal heart monitor
313
fetometry
procedure for measuring the fetus
314
pelvicephalometry
procedure for measuring the head size of the baby and the pelvis size of the mother
315
tocodynagraph
instrument for recording the strength of labor contraction
316
antepartum
time before birth
317
natal
pertaining to birth
318
neonatal
pertaining to new birth; normally the first 28 days after birth
319
obstetrician
specialist in pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns
320
postnatal, postpartum
pertaining to after birth
321
prenatal
pertaining to before birth
322
cervicitis
inflamation in the cervix
323
cervicocolpitis
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
324
cystocele
hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina
325
endometriosis
condition in which endometrium cells appear and grow outside the uterus
326
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
327
menopause
cessation of menstruation
328
oophoritis
inflammation of an ovary
329
salpingitis
inflammation of a fallopian tube
330
salpingocele
hernia of a fallopian tube
331
urethrocele
hernia or prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
332
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
333
vesicovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina
334
vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva
335
abortion
termination of pregnancy
336
abruptio placentae
separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus
337
eclampsia
severe, life-threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures
338
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of a fertilized egg in a place other than the uterus
339
hyperemesis gravidarum
pregnancy-related vomiting; an extreme form of morning sickness
340
ovariocyesis
ectopic pregnancy in an ovary
341
placenta previa
condition in which the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix
342
preeclampsia
condition characterized by high blood pressure and high protein in the urine
343
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
344
salpingocyesis
ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube
345
spontaneous abortion
naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy; a miscarriage
346
episiorrhaphy
suture of the vulva
347
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
348
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of the uterus
349
hysterosalpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes
350
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of a breast
351
mastectomy
surgical removal of a breast
352
mastopexy
surgical fixation of a breast
353
myomectomy
surgical removal of a tumor in the muscle (uterine wall muscle)
354
oophorectomy
surgical removal of an ovary
355
ovariocentesis
surgical puncture of an ovary
356
perineoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the perineum
357
perineorrhaphy
suture of the perineum
358
salpingectomy
surgical removal of a fallopian tube
359
salpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
360
vaginoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the vagina
361
cesarean section
delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus
362
episiotomy
incision into the vulva
363
in vitro fertilization
fertilization of an egg done in a test tube
364
induced abortion
intentional termination of pregnancy
365
abortifacient
drug or device that causes the termination of pregnancy
366
oxytocin
agent that stimulates uterine contraction and accelerates labor
367
tocolytic
agent that stops or delays premature labor and contractions
