Quiz 5 Flashcards
(226 cards)
1
Q
two parts to the cardiovascular system:
A
cardio (heart) and vascular (blood vessels)
2
Q
heart is divided into 4 chamber:
A
left and right atria; left and right ventricles
3
Q
the left side of the heart handles ____ blood, and the right side handles _____ blood.
A
oxygen-rich; oxygen-poor
4
Q
the ____ divides left and right sides of the heart
A
septum
5
Q
blood that has nourished the body and is ready to go to lungs for more oxygen collects in the _______
A
right atrium
6
Q
after getting a fresh supply of oxygen, blood returns to the heart via the _____
A
left atrium
7
Q
from the atria, blood passes through the valves into the _____
A
ventricles
8
Q
on the left side, the ______ connects the left atrium and ventricle.
A
mitral valve
9
Q
the ______ connects the left ventricle to the aorta
A
aortic valve
10
Q
valvul/o
A
valve
11
Q
on the right side, the connector between the atrium and the ventricle is the
A
tricuspid valve
12
Q
the ________ connects the right ventricle and the outgoing blood vessel, the pulmonary artery.
A
pulmonic valve
13
Q
atri/o
A
atrium (upper chamber)
14
Q
sept/o
A
septum
15
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle (lower chamber)
16
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
17
Q
coron/o
A
heart
18
Q
the left ventricle forces blood into the ____
A
aorta
19
Q
oxygen and nutrients pass into tissues that need it, and they give back their waste in _______
A
capillaries
20
Q
once the blood has made the delivery and picked up the waste, it collects into the superior and inferior ______
A
vena cava
21
Q
the vena cava return blood to the ______
A
right atrium
22
Q
at the same time that the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta, the right ventricle pumps blood into the ________
A
pulmonary artery
23
Q
the _______ carries blood to the lungs to obtain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide. Once this is done,the blood returns to the heart to the _______
A
pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein
24
Q
the _______ dumps the oxygen-rich blood into the left atrium, and the cycle continues.
A
pulmonary vein
25
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
26
aort/o
aorta
27
arteri/o
artery
28
ather/o
fatty plaque
29
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
30
pectoralgia
chest pain
31
angina pectoris
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart (pain you feel during heart attack)
32
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
33
dysrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
34
palpitation
rapid or irregular beating of the heart
35
aortalgia
pain in the aorta
36
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
37
hemorrhage
loss of blood
38
phlebalgia
pain in a vein
39
cyanosis
patients with a very poor circulation or low oxygen in their blood may appear a bit blue
40
hypotension
dangerously low blood pressure
41
a weak pulse in a sign of
hypotension
42
tachycardia
heart beating too fast
43
bradycardia
heart beating too slow
44
blood pressure measures:
how strong the flow of blood is in the body
45
systole
arterial pressure - first number of a blood pressure reading
46
diastole
pressure on the vessels when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood - second number of a blood pressure reading
47
hypertension
high blood pressure
48
the first heart sound (S1) is due to
the closing of the valves between atria and ventricles
-this represents the beginning of heart contraction (systole)
49
systole ends with closing of
the pulmonary and aortic valves
-creates the second heart sound (S2)
50
electrocardiogram
measures the electrical signals in the heart
51
echocardiogram
uses ultrahigh sound frequencies (ultrasound) to watch the heart as its works
-possible to see layers of the heart, valves, and septum
52
stenosis
when flow through the valves are tight
53
regurgitation
when blood flows back in wrong direction
54
angiogram
inject dye into the blood and view results using an x ray to examine blood vessels
-can show deposits of fat (atherosclerosis), a floating object that blocks blood flow (embolus), a cutoff in blood flow (occlusion), or dilation of a vessel (ectasia)
55
endocardium
tissue lining inside of heart
56
epicardium
tissue lining outside of heart
57
myocardium
heart muscle tissue
58
pericardium
tissue around the heart
59
vena cava
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
60
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
61
murmur
abnormal heart sound
62
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
63
arteriorrhexis
rupture of an artery
64
arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery
65
atherosclerosis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
66
embolus
mass of matter present in the blood
67
embolism
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
68
ischemia
blockage of blood flow to an organ
69
occlusion
closing or blockage of a passage
70
thrombus
blood clot
71
varicose veins
enlarged, dilated veins toward the surface of the skin
72
cardiac catheterization
process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart
73
transesophageal echocardiogram
record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus
74
arteriogram
record of an artery
75
venogram
record of a vein
76
atrial septal defect (ASD)
flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart
77
cardiac arrest
cessation of functional circulation
78
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
79
congenital heart defect
flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth
80
congestive heart failure
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself
81
endocarditis
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart
82
myocardial infarction
death of heart muscle tissue (heart attack)
83
myocardial ischemia
blockage of blood to the heart muscle
84
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
85
pericarditis
inflammation of tissue around heart
86
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart
87
aneurysm
bulge in blood vessel
88
angioma
blood vessel tumor
89
arteriopathy
disease of arteries
90
arteritis
inflammation of arteries
91
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
92
phlebitis
inflammation of the veins
93
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
94
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
95
ASD
atrial septal defect
96
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
97
CAD
coronary arery disease
98
CHF
congestive heart failure
99
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
100
ECHO
echocardiogram
101
HTN
hypertension
102
MI
myocardial infarction
103
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
104
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
105
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
106
PCI
percutaneous cornonary intervention
107
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
108
SV
stroke volume
109
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
110
VSD
ventricular septal defect
111
the main job of the respiratory system is to _____ oxygen to the blood and ______ carbon dioxide away from it
deliver; carry
112
the ____ leads to large branches (bronchi)
trachea
113
each bronchi splits into more bronchi that further lead to _____ and ______
bronchioles and alveoli
114
the nose serves to
warm, clean, and moisten the air
115
the nose consists of two _____, a _____ and tube-shaped cartilage called ____
nares, septum, turbinates
116
the air passes through the nose/mouth and proceeds into the
throat (pharynx)
117
three parts to the pharynx:
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
118
laryngopharynx contains
vocal cord to form speech
119
adenoid/o
adenoid
120
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
121
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
122
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
123
sin/o, sinus/o
sinus
124
the bronchi further branch into five _______ - three on the right and two on the left
lobar bronchi
125
each lobar bronchus breaks into smaller segments called ________
bronchioles
126
the bronchioles end in clusters of _____, tiny balloon-like structures surrounded by small blood vessels
alveoli
127
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
air or lungs
128
pulmon/o
lungs
129
lob/o
lobe
130
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchus
131
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
132
alveol/o
alveolus (air sac)
133
thorac/o, pector/o (also pectus), steth/o
chest
134
pleur/o
pleura
135
phren/o
diaphragm
136
when the muscles between the ___ and the ______ contract, they cause the chest to enlarge, which decreases ______. As a result, air is _______
ribs; diaphragm; thoracic pressure; sucked into the lungs
137
ox/o
oxygen
138
spir/o, -pnea
breathing
139
capn/o
carbon dioxide
140
apnea
cessation of breathing
141
bradypnea
slow breathing
142
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
143
eupnea
good/normal breathing
144
hyperpnea
heavy breathing
145
hypopnea
shallow breathing
146
orthopnea
able to breathe only in an upright position
147
tachypnea
rapid breathing
148
hyperventilation
overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia
149
hypoventilation
underbreathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
150
epistaxis
a nosebleed
151
rhinorrhea
runny nose
152
phrenospasm
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)
153
pleuralgia/pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
154
thoracalgia
chest pain
155
expectoration
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
156
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
157
sputum
mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing
158
auscultation
using a stethoscope to listen to the chest
159
atelectasis
incomplete expansion
160
bronchiectasis
expansion of the bronchi
161
hemothorax
blood in the chest
162
phrenoplegia
paralysis of the diaphragm
163
pleural effusion
fluid pouring out into the pleura
164
pneumohemothorax
air and blood in the chest
165
pneumothorax
air in the chest
166
pulmonary edema
swelling in the lungs
167
hypercapnia/hypercarbia
excessive carbon dioxide
168
hypocapnia/hypocarbia
insufficient carbon dioxide
169
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygen in the blood
170
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen
171
bronchoscopy
procedure to look inside the bronchi
172
capnography
procedure to record carbon dioxide levels
173
capnometer
instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels
174
oximetry
procedure to measure oxygen level
175
polysomnography
recording multiple aspects of sleep
176
pulmonary function testing
a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs
177
spirometry
procedure to measure breathing
178
thoracoscopy
examination of the chest
179
computed tomography
an imaging procedure using a computer to cut
180
pulmonary angiography
an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity
181
ventilation-perfusion scan
a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow or blood flow
182
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
183
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
184
rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal passages
185
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
186
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
187
sleep apnea
condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep
188
asthma
a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway
189
bronchiolitis
inflammation of a bronchiole
190
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
191
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages
192
emphysema
a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling
193
pleurisy
another word for pleuritis
194
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
195
pneumoconiosis
a lung condition caused by dust
196
pneumonia
a lung condition
197
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
198
pulmonary embolism
blockage in the pulmonary blood supply
199
bronchiogenic carcinoma
a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi
200
endotracheal intubation
insertion of a tube inside the trachea
201
laryngectomy
removal of the larynx
202
tracheostomy
creation of an opening in the trachea
203
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
204
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped
205
lobectomy
removal of a lobe
206
pleuropexy
reattachment of the pleura
207
pneumonectomy
removal of a lung
208
thoracocentesis/thoracentesis
puncture of the chest
209
thoracostomy
creation of an opening in the chest
210
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
211
antitussive
a drug that prevents coughing
212
bronchodilator
a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi
213
expectorant
a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs
214
mucolytic
a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus
215
nebulizer
a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a cloud or mist that is inhaled by the patient
216
ABG
arterial blood gas
217
Bx
biopsy
218
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
219
CTA
clear to auscultation
220
CXR
chest x-ray
221
ET
endotracheal
222
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrom
223
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
224
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
225
PE
pulmonary embolism
226
PFT
pulmonary function test
