Quiz 4

Question 1

Generalizability

Answer 1

Can the results of a study be generalized to a larger population

Question 2

How does generalizability relate to the population

Answer 2

entire set of people or things in which you are interested

Question 3

How does generalizability relate to the sample

Answer 3

smaller set of people or things that is taken from the population

Question 4

external validity

Answer 4

how generalizable are the results

Question 5

biased samples

Answer 5

does not represent population

Question 6

unbiased samples

Answer 6

does represent population

Question 7

ways to get a biased sample

Answer 7

convenience sampling, self selection

Question 8

probability sampling

Answer 8

every member of population has an equal chance of being selected for sample

Question 9

random sampling

Answer 9

randomly choosing members from population

Question 10

Cluster sampling

Answer 10

clusters of participants within population of interest are randomly selected, all individuals in each selected cluster are used

Question 11

multistage sampling

Answer 11

A random sample of clusters is selected from your population of interest, from these clusters a random sample of people is chosen

Question 12

stratified random sampling

Answer 12

researcher selects random demographic categories and then selects individuals from each of the categories

Question 13

oversampling

Answer 13

one or more group is over-represented

Question 14

systematic sampling

Answer 14

ex: choosing every third person in sample

Question 15

convenience sampling

Answer 15

uses samples merely because it is easy to pull off

Question 16

purposive sampling

Answer 16

only reaching out to people that the study is relevant to

Question 17

snowball sampling

Answer 17

asking participants for help finding people

Question 18

quota sampling

Answer 18

finding subsets of a population;ation (freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors)

Question 19

bivariate correlations

Answer 19

involve two dependent variables

Question 20

Cohen’s guidelines for evaluating strength

Answer 20

if r is closer to 1 or -1= stronger, closer to 0= weaker

Question 21

What do we do if there’s an independent variable?

Answer 21

regression analysis

Question 22

What is the difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment?

Answer 22

Quasi- participants are assigned to groups based on pre-existing conditions, weaker causal claims
True experiment- randomly assigned, stronger causal claims

Question 23

How well do bivariate correlations hold up’ across external validity

Answer 23

Varies depending on sample diversity and research design.

Question 24

How do outliers impact the probability of making type I errors?

Answer 24

There isn’t enough people in the study and an outlier causes you to incorrectly assume that there is a relationship when there isn’t

Question 25

When is a third variable a problem?

Answer 25

spurious associations, the correlation is only present because of the third variable

Question 26

What is a moderator and how is it different from a third variable problem?

Answer 26

It changes the association but doesn't ruin it, it tells us why

Question 27

how do outliers impact the probability of making type 2 errors

Answer 27

one outlier could ruin a relationship

Question 28

curvilinear association

Answer 28

relationship between 2 variables that isn't a straight line

Question 29

restriction of range

Answer 29

not enough participants, not getting full story

Question 30

how well do bivariate correlations hold up across construct validity

Answer 30

Holds up well if variables are well-defined.

Question 31

how well do bivariate correlations hold up across statistical validity

Answer 31

Holds up if the sample size is adequate and assumptions are met.

Question 32

how well do bivariate correlations hold up across internal validity

Answer 32

Weak, since correlation does not imply causation.