quiz 4

Question 1

is a collection of economic and technological elements influencing farming operations. It is based on the premise that distinct systems evolved in response to the natural and social conditions unique to a particular place.

Answer 1

agrarian system

Question 2

an agricultural crop farmed for profit rather than for personal use. Parties often purchase it other than a farm and is used to distinguish marketed crops from staple crops in subsistence agriculture, which are those fed to the producer’s own animals or farmed for the producer’s

Answer 2

Cash Crops

Question 2

Farming technique that involves growing a variety of crops or animals on the same farm rather than focusing on a single commodity. This method differs from monoculture, which includes just growing one crop on a farm.

Answer 2

Diversified Farming

Question 3

considerable increase in food production, of wheat and rice, in developing countries during the mid-twentieth century. The advent of new, high-yielding crop types and sophisticated agricultural techniques sparked the revolution,

Answer 3

Green revolutions

Question 3

a development strategy that combines agriculture, health, education, and infrastructure to enhance the economic, social, and environmental situations of rural areas. The IRD strategy is founded on the notion that rural development necessitates a comprehensive and integrated approach that addresses the underlying causes of poverty and underdevelopment.

Answer 3

Integrated Rural Development (IRD) strategy

Question 3

is a Spanish word for a huge estate or farm, often larger than one hundred hectares, owned by a single individual or family. The phrase is frequently heard in Latin America and Spain.

Answer 3

Hacienda

Question 3

it is process of redistributing agricultural land from large landowners to landless farmers or peasants. aims to promote social justice by delivering land to people who work on it, as well as to increase agricultural output by incentive’s farmers to /invest in their land.

Answer 3

Land Reform

Question 3

any process, product, or service that lowers negative environmental consequences through major energy efficiency improvements, sustainable resource use, or environmental protection

Answer 3

Environmental Sustainability

Question 3

is the charge encountered when purchasing or selling a good or service.

Answer 3

Transaction Cost

Question 4

are knowm as renewable energy sources produced from organic materials, such as plants and animals. They can generate energy, heat, and transportation fuel.

Answer 4

Biomass Fuels

Question 5

Increasing capital mobility decreases the An economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and yields little more than basic necessities of life.ikelihood of a “race to the bottom” in social, health, and environmental standards among countries.

true or false?

Answer 5

False

Question 5

Productive investments in people, such as skills, values, and health resulting from expenditures on education, QJT training programs, and medical care are bad investments for the government.

true or false?

Answer 5

False

Question 5

Subsistence economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and yields little more than basic necessities of life.

true or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Poverty and ignorance may lead to nonsustainable use of environmental resources

true or false?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Specialization in production always increases the prosperity of a country

true or false?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

When the Domestic price is lower than the international price, then a country must import a product

true or false?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

The acknowledged right to use and benefit from a tangible or intangible entity that may include owning, using, selling, and disposing the land is known as judiciary rights.

true or false?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

A negative externality is a benefit incurred or received by a producer that is not incurred or received monetarily by that producer.

true or false?

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Relying excessively on other countries for petroleum imports increases vulnerability to free trade.

true or false?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Autarky is one of the key strategies followed by countries to achieve prosperity.

true or false?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Progress that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is

the tragedy of commons.

sustainable development.

net primary productivity (NPP).

the impossibility theorem.

Answer 13

sustainable development.

Question 13

Deforestation

I. lead to localized flooding
II. reduces sustainable logging potential.
Ill reduces watershed stability.
IV. Augments carbon restoration provided by forests.

a, land lI only. - - -
b. Ill and IV only.
c. I, II and Ill only.
d. I, II, Ill, and IV.

Answer 13

c. I, II and Ill only.

Question 14

Air pollution from automobile exhausts, and water pollution steel plants are examples of

external economies.

social distortion.

negative externalities.

Internal spillover.

Answer 14

negative externalities.

Question 15

Developing countries have not benefited as much as expected from their higher education programs because of:

a. lack of program focusses on the needs of the country.

b. increasing returns to scale in everyone’s education.

c. all the above

d. graduates get jobs In the private sector.

Answer 15

a. lack of program focusses on the needs of the country.

Question 16

Failure to expand food production has the following consequences except a. Higher food prices b. Higher wages unrelated to productivity in the Industrial sector thereby reducing its competitiveness. c. High prices mean lower real incomes for non- food producing consumers. d. Higher labor cost in the agricultural sector

Answer 16

c. High prices mean lower real incomes for non- food producing consumers.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true about most farmers in LDCs? a. The staple crop is the chief source of food. b. Labor is underutilized except for planting and harvesting seasons. c. On the traditional farm, output is always greater than consumption. d. Cultivators farm only as much land as their families can work without hired labor

Answer 16

c. On the traditional farm, output is always greater than consumption.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true about the specialized farm? a. Such a farm is the most advanced agricultural phase in a market economy. b. Such a farm is labor intensive. c. Such a farm uses advanced technology and takes advantage of economies of d. such a farm usually emphasizes cultivating one crop.

Answer 16

b. Such a farm is labor intensive.

Question 17

8. Which of the following is not a major factor raising LDC agricultural labor productivity? a. new biological-chemical-mechanical inputs in production. b. new technical and organizational knowledge from greater specialization. c. expanded markets for agricultural output. d. massive government intervention.

Answer 17

d. massive government intervention.

Question 18

10. Which of the following is NOT a cause of food insecurity, according to Nic Maunder, a specialist on Ethiopia? a. War and bad governance. b. Poor roads c. Aid from developed nations. d. Corruption and mismanagement.

Answer 18

c. Aid from developed nations.

Question 18

9. Which index "combines measures of calorie availability (in relation to requirement), the growth of per capita daily energy supply, food production, food staples self-sufficiency, and variability of food production and consumption"? a food sufficiency index. b. food security index. c. food self-intake index. d. food growth

Answer 18

b. food security index.

Question 19

Which of the following colonial policy contribute further to today's agricultural underdevelopment in Africa? I. Colonial governments compelled farmers to grow selected crops. II. Colonialism often changed traditional land tenure systems from individual control to communal. Ill. Colonialists failed to train African agricultural scientists and managers. IV. Research and development concentrated on food production and small farmers and herders. a. I and lI only. b. I and Ill only. c. III and IV only. d. lI and III only.

Answer 19

d. lI and III only.

Question 20

12. Amartya K. Sen emphasizes that having enough to eat depends on a. society's system of entitlement. b. an egalitarian income distribution. c. low poverty rates. d. society's high Gini concentration

Answer 20

b. an egalitarian income distribution.

Question 21

Which of the following is a form of urban bias? I. Goverment may set price floors on food and price cellings for industrial goods. II. Tax incentives and subsidies to infant-industry. Ill. Tariff and quota protection for industry. IV Spending more for education, training, housing, health and transport in urban areas than in rural areas. a. I,II, Ill only. b. I, Il and IV only. c. II, Ill and IV only. d. I, II, Ill and IV

Answer 21

bonus (c. II, Ill and IV only.)

Question 21

Most of Latin America has been characterized few, and large land grant estates owned by the small poor holdings that rarely provide adequate employment for a family. a magnitudinous, latitudinous. b. latifundios, minifundios. c. feudum, nocere. d. grameen, repetto.

Answer 21

b. latifundios, minifundios.

Question 22

15. According to Binswanger, Deininger, and Feder, land concentration contributes to _____________ income and ____________ inequality which are major sources of LDC rural conflict. a. low, high. b. constant, high. c. progressive, regressive. d. high, low.

Answer 22

a. low, high.