quiz 4

Question 1

Covalent bonding of Ethers

Answer 1

C-O-C

Question 2

straight chained or branched nonaromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 3

Why is molecular length important?

Answer 3

anesthetic effect of immobility is decreased or lost if carbon atom chain length exceeds a distance of four or five carbon atoms 5 angstroms

Question 4

Answer 4

Halothane

Question 5

Answer 5

Isoflurane

Question 6

Answer 6

desflurane

Question 7

Answer 7

Sevoflurane

Question 8

The addition of fluorine [F], chlorine [Cl], bromine [Br], or iodine [I] (Halogens) influences what anesthetic’s characteristics?

Answer 8

Potency - increases with heavier halogens AMU (Bromine)

Arrhythmogenic properties - more halogens, more arrythmias

Chemical stability - Enhance

Flammability - Reduced

Question 9

What halogens are Disinfectants?

Answer 9

Bromine

Iodine

Chlorine

Question 11

Typically , increasing the number of _______ atoms on an anesthetic molecule slows biodegradation.

Answer 11

fluorine

Question 12

Currently used Volatile gas with most percentage liver metabolism?

Answer 12

Sevoflurane (5%)

(Halothane was 45%)

Question 13

Absorption phase term?

Answer 13

Uptake

Question 14

Metabolic phase term?

Answer 14

Biotransformation

Question 15

Excretion phase term?

Answer 15

Elimination

Question 16

Myer Overton Rule?

Answer 16

Lipid solubility is directly proportional to potency

Question 17

A reduction in body temperature ______ anesthetic requirement

Answer 17

lowers

Question 18

mediate ________ via glycine, sodium and NMDA receptors

Answer 18

Supraspinal Effects, causes amnesia

Question 19

weak inward-rectifying K+ Channels, and inhibiting glycine and GABA receptors

Answer 19

Spinal Effects causing immobility

Question 20

MAC % of Halothane

Answer 20

0.75%

Question 21

Inhaled anesthetics “PROBABLY” produce anesthesia by ?

Answer 21

enhancing the function of inhibitory ion channels and by blocking the function of excitatory ion channels

Question 22

Inhibitory channels?

Answer 22

Glycine

GABA

Question 23

Effects of hypnosis are from what receptor?

Answer 23

GABA

Question 24

Hyperpolarization of GABA when?

Answer 24

Influx of Cl- ions

Question 25

Hyperpolarization of Glycine when?

Answer 25

Efflux of K+ ions

Question 26

primary excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

Glutamate

Question 27

Ligand gated receptors? (3)

Answer 27

NMDA AMPA Kainate

Question 28

How is immobility achieved via volatile gases?

Answer 28

Activation of descending noradrenergic pathways which originate in periaqueductal gray matter of the brainstem. Activation of these pathways inhibit nociceptive input in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 29

What are highly probable targets for the amnesic effects of anesthetics?

Answer 29

amygdala hippocampus cortex Limbic system (supraspinal structures)

Question 30

the relationship of concentration of a gas in solution to the partial pressure of the gas with which the solution is in equilibrium:

Answer 30

Henry's Law

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_ potency correlates with ______ onset

Answer 31

High Slow

Question 32

Gases with a _____ oil:gas solubility have a _____ blood:gas solubility

Answer 32

High High

Question 33

›The concentration of each gas in a mixture of gases in solution depends on two factors:

Answer 33

Its partial pressure in the gas phase in equilibrium with the solution. Its solubility within that solution

Question 34

Inhaled anesthetics equilibrate based on their _________ in each tissue, not based on their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

partial pressures concentration

Question 35

The concentration of anesthetic in a tissue depends on its _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

partial pressure tissue solubility

Question 36

Best gas anesthetic for obese pt?

Answer 36

Desflurane

Question 37

How to get fractional concentration?

Answer 37

Fractional Volume = P.anesthetic/P.barometric

Question 38

Rank Gases from least to most Blood:gas soluble and Oil:gas soluble

Answer 38

NDSEIHM

Question 39

MAC % of NO

Answer 39

104

Question 40

MAC % of Desflurane

Answer 40

6

Question 41

MAC % of Sevoflurane

Answer 41

2

Question 42

MAC % of Enflurane

Answer 42

1.7

Question 43

MAC % of Isoflurane

Answer 43

1.4