Quiz 4: Breast

Question 0

What cells of the lobules and terminal ducts produce milk?

Answer 0

Luminal epithelial cells

Question 1

What 2 types of cells are the lactiferous ducts lined by?

Answer 1

luminal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells

Question 2

What cells assist in milk ejection during lactation?

Answer 2

Myoepithelial cells

Question 3

During menses, which hormone stimulates epithelial cell proliferation and promotes duct elongation and branching?

Answer 3

Estrogen

Question 4

No breast tissue, nipple, or aureola

Answer 4

amastia

Question 5

no mammary gland tissue, has nipple and aureola

Answer 5

amazia

Question 6

no nipple or aureola, has mammary gland tissue

Answer 6

athelia

Question 7

one or more additional nipples, usu on the milk line

Answer 7

supernumerary nipple

Question 8

imaginary line extends bilaterally from axillae to the groin

Answer 8

milk line

Question 9

ectopic breast tissue

Answer 9

supernumerary breast tissue (polymastia)

Question 10

What causes inverted nipple?

Answer 10

fibrous bands of tissue that tether the nipple in an inverted position

Question 11

spontaneous flow of milky nipple discharge that occurs in the absence of childbirth or lactation

Answer 11

galactorrhea

Question 12

Inflammation of the parenchyma of the mammary gland

Answer 12

mastitis

Question 13

mastitis of lactating women

Answer 13

puerperal mastitis

Question 14

What 2 bacteria are most commonly associated with infectious mastitis?

Answer 14

Staph aureus and strep epidermis

Question 15

painful mass in the sub areolar area with overlying skin erythema

Answer 15

peri ductal mastitis

Question 16

keratinizing squamous epithelium in the duct system of the nipple with often extends to an abnormal depth. Chronic granulomatous inflammatory response. Dilation and rupture of involved ducts.

Answer 16

Peri ductal mastitis

Question 17

dilation of the sub-areolar ducts. Widening of the lactiferous ducts that are filled with granular debris including lipid laden macs.

Answer 17

Mammary duct ectasia

Question 18

What condition is characterized by accumulation of foamy macs beneath the luminal duct epithelium

Answer 18

Mammary duct ectasia

Question 19

Non cancerous fibrous lumps and cords in breast tissue

Answer 19

fibrocystic breast dz

Question 20

What is the most common disorder of the breast?

Answer 20

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Question 21

Where are the changes of fibrocystic breast dz most often found?

Answer 21

Upper outer quadrant

Question 22

Characterized by irregular fatty spaces which are surrounded by foamy histocytes and multinucleated giant cells

Answer 22

Fat necrosis

Question 23

a result of prior breast trauma or subsequent to surgery

Answer 23

fat necrosis

Question 24

Results from the rupture of adipocytes and hemorrhage from broken blood vessels

Answer 24

fat necrosis

Question 25

mammography reveals central radiolucent area of fat with inc density and/or presence of calcifications at the fat periphery

Answer 25

Fat necrosis

Question 26

single or multiple hard masses made up of collagenized stroma surrounding atrophic ducts and lobules

Answer 26

lymphocytic mastopathy

Question 27

Thickening and fibrosis of stromal tissue and lymphocytic infiltrates that surrounds the epithelium and blood vessels

Answer 27

Lymphocytic mastopathy

Question 28

Most commonly found in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis

Answer 28

Lymphocytic mastopathy

Question 29

Core needle biopsy specimen of a palpable nodule reveals dense stromal fibrosis and occasional peri-ductal lymphocytic infiltration.

Answer 29

lymphocytic mastopathy

Question 30

Most common benign tumor of the breast

Answer 30

Fibroadenoma

Question 31

Freely movable, well circumscribed mass with prominent fibrotic capsule

Answer 31

Fibroadenoma

Question 32

Well encapsulated; notable hyperplasia of intraductal epithelial cells. Hyperplastic cells have no abnormalities in nuclear size, normal nucleus to cytoplasm ratio

Answer 32

Fibroadenoma

Question 33

Localized focus of hyperplsatic cells in breast tissue during pregnancy

Answer 33

Lactating adenoma

Question 34

Hyperplastic lobules with marked cytoplasmic vacuolization

Answer 34

lactating adenoma

Question 35

Originates in the large ducts and is located centrally beneath the nipple

Answer 35

solitary ductal papilloma (SDP)

Question 36

located in the terminal ducts at the periphery of the breast

Answer 36

Multiple intraductal papilloma (MP)

Question 37

presence f myoepithelial cells and multi-layered ductal cells

Answer 37

multiple intraductal papilloma

Question 38

these cells become flattened and the nuclei of the cells usu appear next to the luminal surface. Long axis tend to point in the same direction

Answer 38

multi layered cells of MP

Question 39

Majority of breast cancers originate where?

Answer 39

Glandular tissue

Question 40

Majority of breast cancers are classified as what type of cancer?

Answer 40

adenocarcinomas

Question 41

What 2 tissues are considered glandular and may give rise to adenocarcinomas?

Answer 41

lobular tissues, ductal tissues

Question 42

What is the common denominator to many of the breast cancer risk factors?

Answer 42

Their effect on the level and duration of exposure to endogenous estrogenic stimulation

Question 43

... increase the chance of DNA replication errors

Answer 43

Estrogens

Question 44

... are over-expressed in around 70% of breast cancer cases

Answer 44

estrogen receptors

Question 45

What mutated genes appear to be responsible for approx 30-40% of inherited breast cancers?

Answer 45

BRCA1/BRCA2

Question 46

Tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA repair of double stranded breaks

Answer 46

BRCA1/BRCA2

Question 47

50-85% carrying a mutated ... gene will go on to develop breast cancer

Answer 47

BRCA1

Question 48

Approx 30% of breast cancers have amplification of ... gene or over-expression of its protein.

Answer 48

HER2/neu

Question 49

What gene is associated with increased risk for dz recurrence and worse prognosis?

Answer 49

HER2/neu

Question 50

Most common type of breast cancer

Answer 50

ductal carcinoma (AKA infiltrating ductal carcinoma)

Question 51

Single hard mass with irregular borders, not easily movable on a PE

Answer 51

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 52

Nearly 80% of all cases of breast cancer are diagnosed as

Answer 52

infiltrating ductal carcinomas

Question 53

What is a characteristic feature of ductal carcinoma?

Answer 53

Heterogeneity of the malignant ductal cells

Question 54

What makes the tumor feel firmer than normal breast tissue?

Answer 54

Collagen bands

Question 55

Second most common breast cancer

Answer 55

Lobular carcinoma

Question 56

Scirrhous appearance

Answer 56

ductal carcinoma

Question 57

What is associated with a worse prognosis of breast cancer?

Answer 57

Signet rings

Question 58

single file pattern

Answer 58

lobular carcinoma

Question 59

high risk for multiple loci, inc risk for both breasts to be involved

Answer 59

lobular carcinoma

Question 60

Involves the nipple and areolar area. Associated with underlying in-situ or invasive carcinoma

Answer 60

Paget's dz

Question 61

Appearance of eczematous changes overlying the nipple and areola

Answer 61

Paget's dz

Question 62

large round cells with pale cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, seen within the epidermis

Answer 62

Paget cells

Question 63

cells derived from glandular epithelium

Answer 63

paget cells

Question 64

Form of ductal carcinoma distinguished by markedly inflamed appearance of the affected breast

Answer 64

inflammatory breast cancer

Question 65

Often presents without palpable lump

Answer 65

inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)