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Chem 110 > Quiz 4 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Material Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Solutions

A

Homogenous mixtures of two or more substances

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2
Q

Solutions consist of

A

A solvent and one or more solutes

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3
Q

The solute is present in a _____ amount

A

lesser

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4
Q

The solvent is present in a ____ amount

A

larger

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5
Q

Aqueous solution

A

water as the solvent (aq)

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6
Q

Nature of solutes

A

spread evenly throughout solution
cannot be separated by filtration
CAN be separated by evaporation
not visible, but can give the solution color

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7
Q

Solubility

A

maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent

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8
Q

Unsaturated solutions

A

contain LESS than the maximum amount of solute
can dissolve more solute

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9
Q

Saturated solutions

A

contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve
some undissolved solute at the bottom of the container

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10
Q

Molarity

A

gives the moles of solute in 1L solution

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11
Q

In a dilution…..

A

water is added
volume increases
concentration of solute decreases

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12
Q

In the initial and diluted solution….

A

the moles and solute are the same
the concentrations and volumes are related by M1V1=M2V2

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13
Q

Dilution equation

A

M1V1=M2V2

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14
Q

covalent formation of a solution

A

dissolved molecules remain intact as a molecule

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15
Q

ionic formation of a solution

A

dissolved ions separate

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16
Q

decomposition reaction

A

reactant splits into 2+ products

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17
Q

combination reaction

A

2+ reactants combine into a single product

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18
Q

single replacement reaction

A

one element replaces another element

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19
Q

double replacement reaction

A

two elements replace each other

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20
Q

in a balanced chemical reaction….

A

atoms are not lost or gained; atoms are equal on both sides

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21
Q

hints for balancing chemical equations?

A

start with most complicated chemical
keep polyatomic ions together as a unit
change coefficients, NOT subscripts

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22
Q

when solutions of salts are mixed, a solid forms IF ______

A

ions of an insoluble salt are present

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23
Q

Group IA metal cations & ammonium are

A

soluble

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24
Q

Ionic compounds that contain _______ are soluble

A

NO3, ClO3, ClO4, C2H3O2, and HCO3

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25
Ionic compounds that contain SO4 are soluble except ______
when combined with Ag, Hg, Pb, Ca, Sr, or Ba
26
Most ionic compounds that contain OH, O, CO3, PO4, CrO4, or S are _______
insoluble except when combined with group IA metal cations or NH4
27
Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, and Sr(OH)2 are ____
soluble
28
full equation
shows the formulas of the compounds
29
ionic equation
shows the ions of the compounds
30
net ionic equation
shows only the ions that form a solid
31
when solutions of salts are mixed, a ______
solid forms if ions of insoluble salt are present
32
arrhenius acid
produces hydronium in water
33
bases
produce OH ions in water
34
bases with OH- ions are named as the ____
hydroxide of the metal in the formula
35
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
36
KOH
potassium hydroxide
37
Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxide
38
Al(OH)3
aluminum hydroxide
39
Fe(OH)3
iron (III) hydroxide
40
NH3
ammonia
41
acids ____ a proton
donate
42
bases ______ a proton
accept
43
the seven strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3
44
most common strong bases?
NaOH & KOH
45
strong bases _____ in water
dissociate completely
46
most common weak base?
NH3
47
weak bases _____ in water
dissociate only slightly
48
strong electrolytes _____ in water
dissociate 100%
49
strong electrolytes in equations show the formation of ions in _____
aqueous (aq) solutions
50
strong electrolytes include
strong acids, strong bases, and soluble ionic compounds
51
weak electrolytes ____ in water
dissociate only slightly
52
weak electrolytes are
weak acids and weak bases
53
nonelectrolytes ____ in water
dissolve as molecules
54
nonelectrolytes are
soluble molecular compounds
55
neutralization
reaction of an acid and a base
56
in the equations for neutralization, an _____
acid and a base produce a salt and water
57
redux-oxidation (redox) reaction
transfers electrons from one reactant to another
58
oxidation is a _____
loss of electrons
59
reduction is a ____
gain of electrons
60
the oxidation numbers of all atoms must ____
sum to the overall charge on the species
61
elements in molecules consisting of just that element have the oxidation number
zero
62
monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to the
ion charge
63
group IA metals are assigned an oxidation number of
+1
64
group IIA metals are assigned an oxidation number of
+2
65
group IIIA metals are assigned an oxidation number of
+3
66
fluorine is assigned the number
-1
67
hydrogen is assigned the number
+1
68
oxygen is assigned the number
-2
69
if there is a conflict between two rules, ______
only apply the rule with the lower oxidation number
70
in binary ionic compounds with metals, the nonmetals have _____
oxidation numbers equal to the charges on their atoms
71
oxidizing agent
reagent that oxidizes something else and is itself REDUCED
72
reducing agent
reagent that reduces something else and is itself OXIDIZED
73
precipitation reaction
forms an insoluble solid and an aqueous solution

Chem 110 (9 decks)

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