Quiz 6

Question 1

Stress induced fetal programming species

Answer 1

Livestock

Question 2

Stress induced fetal programming effects

Answer 2

Low birth weight
Slow growth
Poor feed conversion
Poor carcass characteristics
Most often die

Question 3

Fetal programming

Answer 3

Role that the environment plays in fetal development

Question 4

Stress

Answer 4

Social stress
Nutritional
Chronic environment stress
Toxic ingest

Question 5

Nutritional stress

Answer 5

Under feeding
Over feeding
Deficiencies

Question 6

Chronic stress

Answer 6

Heat
Cold
Hypoxemia

Question 7

Toxic ingest stress

Answer 7

Immune response

Question 8

Thrifty definition

Answer 8

Stressor between 1st and 2nd trimester

Question 9

Nutrition partitioning when stressed

Answer 9

Hormones direct hormones to muscles for maintenance
Glucose O2

Question 10

Glucose O2 is needed to

Answer 10

Fuel the body

Question 11

Insufficient nutrition partitioning leads to

Answer 11

Increased inflammatory cytokines
Increased catecholamines (adrenaline)

Question 12

Consequences of insufficient nutrition partitioning

Answer 12

Reduced size
Decreased lean mass
Increased fat mass
Increased inflammatory sensitivity
Decreased adrenergic sensitivity
Altered insulin release and signals
Reduced capacity for glucose

Question 13

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer 13

Longissimus dorsi ultrasound - ribeye area

Question 14

Glucose metabolism

Answer 14

Hindleg

Question 15

Ex vivo

Answer 15

In death
Insulin stimulate glucose uptake
Insulin signaling

Question 16

Waste management trends

Answer 16

Farms are increasing in size
The amount of animal waste is increasing
Farmers must find new ways to manage animal waste

Question 17

Waste Management Regulatory Laws

Answer 17

Public Health Act
Environmental Management Act of 2005

Question 18

Regulatory means

Answer 18

Controls ANY type of waste, not just animal
Govern transport, treatment, & disposal of waste

Question 19

Why is waste management important?

Answer 19

Clean and green agriculture is now increasing importance in marketing produce both domestically and overseas

Question 20

Appropriate management of farm wastes can benefit farming by preventing

Answer 20

Contamination impacting property value
Contamination of the land and water on your farm
Breeding sites for disease spreading mosquitos
Contamination of produce
Stock injustice of death
Offensive odors
Large penalties and clean-up costs from poor waste management

Question 21

Manure =

Answer 21

Feces + urine as excreted

Question 22

Waste =

Answer 22

Manure + bedding + wasted feed + leaked water + etc.

Question 23

What parts of animal’s cause impacts?

Answer 23

Mouths - eating
Bodies - damage property
Hooves - impact soil
Manure - get into water supplies

Question 24

Ground water issues

Answer 24

Drinking water for rural residents
Vulnerable to contaminant leaching
Excess nitrogen = health problems in elderly and infants

Question 25

Surface water issues

Answer 25

Phosphorus loading Dissolved oxygen levels Increases in biochemical oxygen demand

Question 26

Phosphorus is a

Answer 26

Naturally occurring element

Question 27

The main sources of phosphorus loading from animal operations are

Answer 27

Manure runoff Soil erosion

Question 28

Phosphorus is a limiting factor for

Answer 28

Aquatic plant growth

Question 29

Fish and other aquatic critters need certain levels of ______ _______ to breathe

Answer 29

Dissolved oxygen

Question 30

What generates dissolved oxygen

Answer 30

Aquatic plants and algae undergoing photosynthesis

Question 31

Naturally occurring aerobic bacteria act as

Answer 31

Waterway scavengers

Question 32

Increased waste =

Answer 32

Surge of aerobic bacteria which decreases oxygen

Question 33

Animal waste management is controlling

Answer 33

Odors Dust Flies Rodents Other nuisances

Question 34

Factors in animal waste management

Answer 34

Size of operation Climate Type of animal Amount of money to invest Direction of wind Temperature

Question 35

Confined system:

Answer 35

Animals kept in barn or on a lot Requires high waste management Labor/machines required to remove waste Waste kept in lagoon or spread directly on to a field

Question 36

Unconfined system:

Answer 36

Utilizes pasture Waste left on pasture Uses little barn space Very low maintenance for waste removal

Question 37

How can manure be a resource?

Answer 37

Promotes soil fertility and plant growth Important nutrients: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Question 38

Effective management depends on

Answer 38

Collection Storage Application Removal

Question 39

Manure collects in

Answer 39

Pasture Cages Bedded stalls/barns Dry lots

Question 40

Cage collection

Answer 40

Manure drops through cage and is removed Small animals - rabbits, poultry/birds

Question 41

Bedded stall or barn

Answer 41

Horses, cattle, swine, poultry Manual cleaning to remove waste and manure

Question 42

Manure storage considerations

Answer 42

Distance from streams, ponds, wells Prevailing wind direction Slope of ground Soil type

Question 43

Manual storage - avoiding runoff

Answer 43

Install buffer strips Install berms or ditches

Question 44

Buffer strips

Answer 44

Vegetated area between storage and stream

Question 45

Berms or ditches

Answer 45

Prevents water from entering or leaving storage area

Question 46

Composting:

Answer 46

Reduces volume Kills parasites Reduces weed seeds Reduces odor Provides slow-release fertilizer Provides soil amendment

Question 47

Composting requirements:

Answer 47

Oxygen Moisture Correct carbon to nitrogen ratio (30:1) Temperature (120-160 F)

Question 48

What to do with manure

Answer 48

Apply it to property Arrange to remove it (landscapers/gardeners/farmers) Haul it yourself Landfilling (bury on property)