Quiz Ch. 5-6

Question 1

What initiates or causes sound?

Answer 1

Mechanical pressure variances traveling as waves through an elastic molecular medium.

Question 2

What kind of medium does sound require?

Answer 2

Sound can travel through any medium.

Question 3

What type of vibrating body produces integer related particles?

Answer 3

One dimensional bodies, such as a string or air column.

Question 4

Musical tone is caused by:

Answer 4

Periodic vibrations

Question 5

Humans perceive frequency as:

Answer 5

Pitch

Question 6

How many cents are in a half step?

Answer 6

100 cents

Question 7

If a trombone is producing a 100 Hz tone (1st harmonic), what is the frequency of its third harmonic?

Answer 7

300 Hz

Question 8

Fourier’s theorem states that:

Answer 8

All complex tones can be broken down into constituent single frequency tones.

Question 9

A sound’s envelope refers to:

Answer 9

How the attributes of sound change over time

Question 10

The horizontal axis of a sound wave graph represents:

Answer 10

Time passage

Question 11

The vertical axis of a sound wave graph represents:

Answer 11

Pressure variance

Question 12

The ratio of loudest to softest sounds we can hear is:

Answer 12

A trillion to one.

Question 13

One function of the outer ear is to:

Answer 13

Make sounds coming from in front of us more intense.

Question 14

The ear canal amplifies:

Answer 14

Sounds in the 2,000-4,000 Hz range

Question 15

The Eustachian Tube

Answer 15

Equalizes pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Question 16

Which hair cells supply more auditory information?

Answer 16

Inner hair cells

Question 17

What kind of effect does musical training have on otoacoustic emissions?

Answer 17

Positive

Question 18

Hair cells nearer to the oval window respond best to:

Answer 18

Loud sounds

Question 19

The auditory pathway from the inner ear to the brain is:

Answer 19

Very diffuse

Question 20

In the auditory cortex, lower frequencies are:

Answer 20

Mapped on the outside, closer to the surface of the brain.

Question 21

The primary function of auditory association areas is to:

Answer 21

Place sounds analyzed by the primary auditory cortex into a broader context.

Question 22

Sound travels fastest in air, water, or steel?

Answer 22

Steel

Question 23

The stiffer the material the __________ the sound travels.

Answer 23

Faster

Question 24

The denser the material the __________ the sound travels.

Answer 24

Slower

Question 25

Air density has _______ effect on the speed of sound.

Answer 25

Little

Question 26

The faster the vibrations the higher the __________ .

Answer 26

Frequency

Question 27

Humans perceive the frequency of sound as ________.

Answer 27

Pitch

Question 28

Humans can hear sounds falling between ________ and _______ cycles per second.

Answer 28

20 and 20,000

Question 29

Humans are most sensitive to sounds between ________ and ________ cycles per second.

Answer 29

1,000 and 5,000

Question 30

4 ways of measuring or describing sound:

Answer 30

Frequency, Amplitude, Waveform, and Time

Question 31

Wave Cycle

Answer 31

The cycle a wave takes for it to start, reach maximum, reach minimum, and come back to the starting frequency.

Question 32

Wave Period

Answer 32

The time it takes to go through the wave cycle.

Question 33

Wave Length

Answer 33

The distance a wave covers in one second.

Question 34

Amplitude

Answer 34

How much energy is contained in the compression or rarefaction of molecules that make up sound waves.

Question 35

Frequency

Answer 35

Measurement of a number of periodic waves that pass a given point in a given time span.

Question 36

Sound pressure _________ exponentially with distance from sound source.

Answer 36

Decreases

Question 37

Sound pressure is measured in:

Answer 37

Pascals

Question 38

_____ are used to compare sound pressure levels.

Answer 38

Decibles

Question 39

What is the human perception of amplitude?

Answer 39

Loudness/Volume

Question 40

Simple vibrations are represented by __________

Answer 40

Sine waves

Question 41

Complex vibrations have many different _________

Answer 41

Partials/harmonics

Question 42

Complex vibrations are represented by _________

Answer 42

Sawtooth waves

Question 43

How do humans perceive a waveform's complexity?

Answer 43

Timbre

Question 44

Elements of a sound's envelope:

Answer 44

Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release

Question 45

Attack

Answer 45

Length of time sound takes to reach initial intensity

Question 46

Decay

Answer 46

Sounds 'settle' in after reaching their first peak amplitude.

Question 47

Sustain

Answer 47

Main part of the sound.

Question 48

Release

Answer 48

Length of time the sound takes to fade to silence after it's been released.

Question 49

How environment affects sound

Answer 49

Transmission, Absorption, Reflection, Diffraction, Refraction, Interference

Question 50

Higher or Lower frequencies are absorbed more?

Answer 50

Higher

Question 51

Reflection of sound:

Answer 51

Reverberations/Echos

Question 52

Diffraction of sound:

Answer 52

How sound bends around objects

Question 53

Refraction of sound:

Answer 53

How sound transmits from one material to another.

Question 54

Interference of sound:

Answer 54

Waves can cancel each other out or reinforce one another.

Question 55

What has to happen for waves to cancel each other out?

Answer 55

They have to start exactly half a wavelength apart.

Question 56

What has to happen for waves to reinforce one another?

Answer 56

They have to start one wavelength apart.

Question 57

Three elements needed for sound perception

Answer 57

Source of vibrations, medium of transmission, perceiver.

Question 58

Outer Ear Canal resonates sounds in what range?

Answer 58

2,000-4,000 Hz

Question 59

Which bone is attached to the eardrum?

Answer 59

Hammer

Question 60

The hammer, anvil and stirrup transfer sounds to what part of the ear?

Answer 60

Oval Window to the cochlea

Question 61

What separates the middle ear from the inner ear?

Answer 61

The oval window

Question 62

2 surface membranes of the cochlea

Answer 62

Round and Oval windows

Question 63

What is the cochlea filled with?

Answer 63

Perilymph

Question 64

What are the two canals in the cochlea?

Answer 64

Vestibular and Tympanic canal

Question 65

What rests on the Basilar Membrane?

Answer 65

Organ of Corti

Question 66

The organ of corti has what on it?

Answer 66

Hair cells