Quiz One Flashcards
(26 cards)
RNI
Rate of Natural Increase
(CBR - CDR)
/ 1000, expressed as percent
Doubling Time
Time expressed in years for a population to double
70 / RNI
Demographic Transition Model
Tracks progress of countries
Pre-Industrial Stage (1)
High birth rate and death rate, fluctuating
Transitional Stage (2)
Both numbers are stabilizing, both decrease.
Food production, and medical care
Industrial Phase (3)
Birth rates decline
Increased care for women and birth control
Post-Industrial Phase (4)
Numbers are fluctuating again, but are low. Increased
Population Pyramids
DevelopED nations are skinny and rectangular
DevelopING nations are wide-based, skinny at the top, which means people die earlier.
Failing state
40% of the population is 15 y/o
Systemic Approach
Aims to see how humans impact the environment, more modern way to see geography.
Four Spheres
Biosphere, Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere
Lovelock
James Lovelock stated that we haev managed to damage all components of Gaia
Believes hundreds of people are going to die.
Marguilis
Gaia theory, stated that earth works on its own homeostasis level
Technosphere
Majority of technology that humans have produced
Industry, Agriculture, Transportation, Urbanization
Open system
Can transfer energy AND matter
car
Closed system
Does not receive or distribute matter.
Feedback - Positive v Negative
Positive amplifies, negative reduces.
Equilibrium - Steady-state v Dynamic
Low or high fluctuation through the average state
Threshold
If feedback loops go past a certain state, then the loop will operate on a different level.
Ecosphere
Main four spheres
Relative Time Scale
Based on sequencing of superposition
Absolute Time Scale
Radiometric, carbon dating
Rapa Nui
No resources
All the trees are dead
Extreme deforestation
Anthropocene
Time when humans affected the environment the most
Agricultural revolution
