Quiz questions and answers

Question 1

What is methodology in research?

Answer 1

A set of principles that directs research.

Question 2

What is a quantitative methodology concerned with?

Answer 2

Phenomena that can be objectively measured.

Question 3

The results must only be clearly described in words for quantitative research , true or false?

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What are case control studies?

Answer 4

A type of observational study

Question 5

Is triangulation of the relationship one of the Bradford Hill criteria for causation?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What is null hypothesis testing?

Answer 6

Where a statement is made about there being ‘no difference’ between groups.

Question 7

In quantitative research terms what is an ‘aim’?

Answer 7

The overall/broad statement of what you intend to do.

Question 8

What is a ‘study sample’?

Answer 8

Patients drawn from the study population.

Question 9

What is the main reason for using randomisation to allocate treatments to patients in a controlled trial?

Answer 9

To prevent certain types of bias

Question 10

What is a method of allocation least likely to achieve balance of important patient characteristics between groups?

Answer 10

Simple randomisation

Question 11

Reliability addresses whether…

Answer 11

Repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances

Question 12

The main outcome for a study is called?

Answer 12

The primary outcome

Question 13

Validity in a study means?

Answer 13

The measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure

Question 14

What is a threat to internal validity in a trail?

Answer 14

Maturation.

Question 15

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 15

A participant’s response to being in a study

Question 16

What is a type 2 error?

Answer 16

A false negative result

Question 17

What ‘p value’ is the most statistically significant?

Answer 17

p≤0.001

Question 18

What are statistics that produce ‘p values’ called?

Answer 18

Inferential statistics

Question 19

What is baseline data?

Answer 19

The data that is collected before the intervention but after the recruitment

Question 20

Which level of measurement has a fixed zero?

Answer 20

Ratio

Question 21

When is qualitative research useful?

Answer 21

When little is known about a subject or problem.

Question 22

Samples in qualitative studies are usually small or big?

Answer 22

Small

Question 23

Qualitative researchers believe what?

Answer 23

That the social world is constructed through human activity

Question 24

What is phenomenology?

Answer 24

A methodological approach that studies the lived experience of individuals

Question 25

What was Deborah Ward's study of student's experience of infection control in clinical placements?

Answer 25

A general qualitative approach

Question 26

Do qualitative samples need to represent the population from which they came?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What is the strongest sampling strategy in qualitative research?

Answer 27

Purposive

Question 28

What is the sample size in qualitative research best determined by?

Answer 28

Data saturation

Question 29

What does purposive sampling involve?

Answer 29

Selecting participants who can give the most information.

Question 30

What is an interview topic guide?

Answer 30

A set of headings that guides the discussion

Question 31

Why can focus groups be useful?

Answer 31

They encourage discussion about a topic

Question 32

What is the optimal size for a focus group?

Answer 32

8-10

Question 33

How did Deborah Ward collect the data for her study?

Answer 33

Semi-structured interviews

Question 34

What is never an aim of qualitative data analysis?

Answer 34

To attribute cause

Question 35

Can counting be useful in qualitative data analysis?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What do software packages in qualitative data analysis do?

Answer 36

They help with organizing data

Question 37

What did Deborah Ward use to analyse her data?

Answer 37

Framework analysis

Question 38

What is an audit trial?

Answer 38

The decisions made by the researcher to reach the conclusions presented

Question 39

What does triangulation involve?

Answer 39

Researching the topic from different perspectives

Question 40

In a qualitative paper you would expect the relationship between the researcher and participants to be...?

Answer 40

Described

Question 41

Reliability addresses whether:

Answer 41

Repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances