Quiz Set 3

Question 1

what are the unique properties of neurons

Answer 1

depolarization, propagation, and transmission of a neural impulse

Question 2

what are the three types of neuroactive substances based on the manner of action

Answer 2

neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neurhormones

Question 3

based on manner of action, define neurotransmitter

Answer 3

neuroactive substance acting rapidly and locally on a target cell

Question 4

what is the name given to the major cellular mass of a neuron

Answer 4

the cell body, soma, or perikaryon

Question 5

what are the basic morphologies of neurons

Answer 5

unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and multipolar neurons

Question 6

what are the possible locations of bipolar neurons

Answer 6

the nasal olfactory epithelium, the retina, the vestibular or Scarpa’s ganglion, and the cochlear or spiral ganglion

Question 7

what are the possible location s of pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 7

any sensory ganglion other than those of the eighth cranial nerve

Question 8

where is the primary sensory neuron of a typical sensory pathway located

Answer 8

in a sensory ganglion

Question 9

what is the morphology of most motor or efferent neurons associated with the peripheral nerve system

Answer 9

multipolar

Question 10

what are the three classifications of sensory receptor endings

Answer 10

functional specificity, distribution- function and structure or morphology

Question 11

what do chemoreceptors monitor

Answer 11

hypoxia or decreased oxygen levels, hypercapnia or increased carbon dioxide levels and elevated hydrogen ions, an indication of circulating blood pH

Question 12

what are the types and examples of exteroceptors

Answer 12

(a) general or cutaneous sense organs such as free nerve endings, encapsulated endings and epidermal endings
(b) special sense receptors for olfaction, vision, hearing, and taste

Question 13

what are the examples of proprioceptors

Answer 13

Golgi tendon organs, neuromuscular spindles, Pacinian corpuscles, inner ear receptors for equilibrium and specialized receptors in joints

Question 14

where will the interoceptors be located

Answer 14

in viscera, glands, and blood vessels

Question 15

which type of encapsulated nerve ending is sensitive to vibration

Answer 15

lamellated corpuscles or Pacinian corpuscles

Question 16

what are the primary neuronal projections observed in a nerve

Answer 16

peripheral sensory processes and motor nerve fibers

Question 17

muscles derived from somites are innervated by which cranial nerves

Answer 17

cranial nerve III or oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve IV or trochlear nerve, cranial nerve VI or abducens nerve and cranial nerve XII or hypoglossal nerve

Question 18

muscles derived from the branchial or pharyngeal arches are innervated by which cranial nerves

Answer 18

cranial nerve V or trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve X or vagus nerve and cranial nerve XI or spinal accessory nerve

Question 19

what peripheral nerves contain visceral efferent pathways at their origin

Answer 19

cranial nerve II or oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve X or vagus nerve, as well as spianl nerves T1-12, L1, L2 and S2-4

Question 20

what is the location for the secondary sympathetic efferent neuron cell body

Answer 20

a prevertebral ganglion or paravertebral ganglion

Question 21

what are the ultimate target cells of the visceral efferent pathways

Answer 21

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular tissue, and some unique specialized cell types

Question 22

primary parasympathetic efferent neurons will be associated with which cranial nerves

Answer 22

cranial nerve III or oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial nerve X or vagus nerve

Question 23

what is the name given to the neuroactive substance associated with postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers

Answer 23

cholinergic fibers; acetylcholine

Question 24

what types of efferent neurons form nuclei of origin in the brain

Answer 24

somatic neurons, branchial neurons, and primary parasympathetic neurons

Question 25

will sympathetic efferent neurons be located in the brain

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what are the four classifications of afferent neurons

Answer 26

somatic afferent, visceral afferent, special visceral afferent, and special sensory

Question 27

what do somatic afferents monitor

Answer 27

pain, temperature, light touch and proprioception

Question 28

what do visceral afferents monitor

Answer 28

baroreception, chemoreception, sensation from viscera

Question 29

what do special visceral afferents monitor

Answer 29

olfaction and taste

Question 30

what do special sensory afferents mointor

Answer 30

vision, hearing, equilibrium

Question 31

what is unusual about the receptor ending of the primary olfactory neuron

Answer 31

it is an olfactory knob covered with olfactory cilia

Question 32

what forms the true olfactory nerve

Answer 32

fila olfactoria

Question 33

what is the location for synapse between primary and secondary afferent neurons of the first cranial nerve

Answer 33

olfactory glomerulus

Question 34

what is the name of the traditional secondary afferent neuron of the first cranial nerve

Answer 34

mitral cell

Question 35

what is the function of the rod cell

Answer 35

provide vision in dim light conditions

Question 36

what is the function of the cone cell

Answer 36

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

Question 37

what is the most numerous photoreceptor cell

Answer 37

rod cell

Question 38

what forms the optic nerve

Answer 38

axons of ganglion cells

Question 39

what occurs at the optic chiasma

Answer 39

part of the optic nerve decussates

Question 40

axons carried in the second cranial nerve will synapse in what specific location

Answer 40

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 41

at its apparent origin cranial nerve III conveys which classifications of neural pathways

Answer 41

somatic efferent pathway and visceral efferent pathway

Question 42

what is the somatic efferent nucleus of origin for the third cranial nerve

Answer 42

oculomotor nuclear complex

Question 43

what is/are the target organ(s) for the somatic efferent fibers carried in the third cranial nerve

Answer 43

medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique extrinsic muscles of the eyeball and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the eyelid

Question 44

visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus

Answer 44

accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/ Westphal

Question 45

what is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve

Answer 45

ciliary ganglion

Question 46

postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve

Answer 46

short ciliary nerve

Question 47

postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve synapse in what targets

Answer 47

sphincter pupillae & ciliaris intrinsic eye muscles

Question 48

what are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve

Answer 48

it is the only cranial nerve with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midline from its nucleus

Question 49

the right fourth cranial nerve will innervate which side target muscles

Answer 49

the right side muscles

Question 50

somatic efferent fibers from the fourth cranial nerve will innervate which muscle(s)

Answer 50

superior oblique extrinsic muscle of the eye

Question 51

what are the names of the ganglion of synapse in the efferent pathway to the lacrimal gland

Answer 51

pterygopalatine ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion, Meckel's ganglion

Question 52

postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers from the pterygopalatine, sphenopalatine or Meckel's ganglion will become incorporated in which cranial nerve branch

Answer 52

maxillary nerve of the trigeminal

Question 53

the parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland will involve branches from which cranial nerves

Answer 53

facial and trigeminal nerves

Question 54

the zygomaticotemporal nerve will convey postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the lacrimal gland through a communication with which branch of the fifth cranial nerve

Answer 54

ophthalmic nerve

Question 55

preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers from the seventh cranial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands will exit the pons in what nerve

Answer 55

nervus intermedius, nerve of Wrisberg, sensory root of the facial nerve

Question 56

which immediate branch of the seventh cranial nerve will convey preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 56

chorda tympani nerve

Question 57

the chorda tympani nerve exits the temporal bone via which opening

Answer 57

petrotympanic fissure of the temporal bone

Question 58

the chorda tympani nerve will join which nerve

Answer 58

the lingual nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal

Question 59

peripheral sensory processes from receptors around the ear and mastoid region are conveyed to the seventh cranial nerve from what other cranial nerve

Answer 59

vagus

Question 60

in general, somatic afferent pathways typically terminate on which nucleus

Answer 60

the spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 61

what is the classification of sensory fibers associated with taste

Answer 61

special visceral afferent fibers

Question 62

peripheral sensory processes from taste receptors in the anterior two thirds of the tongue are conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve to what ganglion

Answer 62

genicular ganglion or geniculate ganglion

Question 63

what fluid is present within the membranous labyrinth

Answer 63

endolymph

Question 64

what is the name given to spiral appearance of the organ for hearing

Answer 64

cochlea

Question 65

how is sound or position converted into a neural impulse

Answer 65

endolymph is displaced and alters the membrane of a specialized receptor cell

Question 66

in what elevations of each part of the vestibular apparatus will receptor cells be identified

Answer 66

the macula of the saccule, the macula of the utricle, and the crista ampullaris of the ampullae of the semicircular ducts

Question 67

what is unique to the receptor cells associated with equilibrium

Answer 67

stereocilia and a single kinocilium

Question 68

what is the location of the primary afferent neuron associated with equilibrium

Answer 68

Scarpa's ganglion or the vestibular ganglion

Question 69

central sensory processes of primary afferent neurons associated with equilibrium will terminate on secondary afferent neurons in what locations

Answer 69

vestibular nuclear complex

Question 70

receptor cells associated with hearing are located in what structure

Answer 70

the organ of Corti in the cochlear duct or scala media

Question 71

what is the unique feature of receptor cells associated with hearing

Answer 71

sterocilia

Question 72

what is the location of the primary afferent neuron associated with hearing

Answer 72

the spiral ganglion or cochlear ganglion