Quiz Three Material

Question 1

What is Metaplasia?

Answer 1

Replacement of one cell type with another

Question 2

What is Dysplasia?

Answer 2

Disordered hyperplasia without maturation

Question 3

What term describes the enhanced odds of getting a tumor from hyperplasia?

Answer 3

Preneoplastic

Question 4

What is ischemia?

Answer 4

Inadequate circulation

Question 5

What causes swelling in injured cells?

Answer 5

Loss of the Na pump

Question 6

What two cellular signals can result in apoptosis?

Answer 6

1. Fas or 2. TNF

Question 7

What is the word for necrosis that causes the nucleus to become shriveled and dark?

Answer 7

Nuclear pyknosis

Question 8

What is the word for necrosis that causes the nucleus to become digested and light?

Answer 8

Karyolysis

Question 9

What is the word for necrosis that causes the nucleus to become fragmented?

Answer 9

Karyorrhexis

Question 10

What sort of change in the liver would correspond to alcoholism, obesity, starvation and toxins?

Answer 10

Fatty changes

Question 11

What sort of change in the liver would correspond to diabetes, glycogen storage disease and certain tumors?

Answer 11

Glycogen accumulation

Question 12

What two diseases are linked to lipid storage in the liver?

Answer 12

Fabry’s and Gaucher’s

Question 13

What are the three brown storage products?

Answer 13

1. Lipofuscin, 2. Bilirubin and 3. Hemosiderin

Question 14

What term describes too much fluid in the peritoneal space?

Answer 14

Ascites

Question 15

What disease is associated with an increased end diastolic volume resulting in an increased stroke volume?

Answer 15

Frank Starling

Question 16

What are the four causes of left sided heart failure?

Answer 16

1. Ischemic heart disease, 2. Hypertension, 3. Aortic/mitral valve disease and 4. myocardial disease (cardiomyopathy or myocarditis)

Question 17

What is the word for breathlessness?

Answer 17

Dyspnea

Question 18

What describes Orthopnea (3)?

Answer 18

1. Dyspnea while lying down, 2. reflection of vascular congestion and 3. develops quickly

Question 19

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

Answer 19

Extreme dyspnea caused from heart failure while lying down

Question 20

What effect does left-sided heart failure have on the kidneys?

Answer 20

Prerenal azotemia (high BUN with normalish creatinine) and ischemic tubular necrosis

Question 21

What is Prinzmetal’s angina?

Answer 21

Angina that occurs at rest, is brief/reversible and has ST-segment elevation/depression

Question 22

What drugs target the proximal convoluted tubules?

Answer 22

Acetazolamides (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

Question 23

What two drugs are loop diuretics?

Answer 23

1. Furosemide and 2. Bumetanide

Question 24

What are two side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 24

Hypokalemia and inhibit NSAIDs

Question 25

What are the two Thiazide diuretics?

Answer 25

1. Hydrochlorothiaide and 2. Chlorthalindone

Question 26

What are the two side effects of Thiazide diuretics?

Answer 26

1. Hypokalemia and 2. inhibit NSAIDs

Question 27

Where do Potassium-sparing diuretics effect?

Answer 27

Collecting tubule

Question 28

Where do Thiazides effect?

Answer 28

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 29

What are the two Potassium-sparing drugs that we need to know?

Answer 29

1. Spironolactone and 2. Amiloride

Question 30

Why is Mecamylamine rarely used?

Answer 30

It shuts down Nicotinic receptors - irrespective of their location

Question 31

What is the MOA for Guanethidine?

Answer 31

Inhibits release of NE

Question 32

What are the two B1 blockers?

Answer 32

1. Atenolol and 2. Metoprolol

Question 33

What are the two non-selective B blockers?

Answer 33

1. Propanolol and 2. Nadolol

Question 34

What are the two beta + alpha 1 blockers?

Answer 34

1. Labetalol and 2. Carvedilol

Question 35

What are the two alpha one blockers?

Answer 35

1. Prozosin and 2. Terazosin

Question 36

What are the two non-selective A blockers?

Answer 36

1. Phentolamine and 2. Phenoxybenzamine

Question 37

What are two side effects to using Alpha one blockers?

Answer 37

1. Orthostatic hypotension and 2. Nasal congestion

Question 38

What drug releases NO from the drug into the endothelium?

Answer 38

Hydralazine

Question 39

What three drugs reduce Ca influx?

Answer 39

1. Verapamil, 2. Diltiazem and 3. Nifedipine

Question 40

What drug causes the hyperpolization of smooth muscles by opening K channels (and causes hair growth)?

Answer 40

Minoxidil

Question 41

What are the five vasodilators?

Answer 41

1. Hydralazine, 2. Verapamil, 3. Diltiazem, 4. Nefidipine and 5. Minoxidil

Question 42

What is the name of the ACE inhibitor that we need to know?

Answer 42

Captopril

Question 43

What is the Angiotensin II Inhibitor we need to know?

Answer 43

Losartan

Question 44

What should be used as a short-acting treatment of angina?

Answer 44

Amyl Nitrate

Question 45

What three drugs are Ca channel blockers?

Answer 45

1. Verapamil, 2. Nifedipine and 3. Diltiazem

Question 46

What are the three statins we need to know?

Answer 46

1. Lovastatin, 2. Atorvastin and 3. Simvastatin

Question 47

What drug is a Fibrate?

Answer 47

Fenobrate

Question 48

What anti-cholesterol drug has toxicity and mild flushing as side effects?

Answer 48

Niacin

Question 49

What drug is associated with the bile acid-binding agents and is used to treat high cholesterol?

Answer 49

Cholesteramine

Question 50

What drug may aid in weight loss, is used to treat high cholesterol, and blocks the intestine from absorbing cholesterol?

Answer 50

Ezetimibe

Question 51

What drug can be used to treat heart disease?

Answer 51

Digitalis

Question 52

What drug acts like foxglove?

Answer 52

Bipyridines (Milrinone)

Question 53

What B1 adrenoceptor agonist helps counter heart attacks?

Answer 53

Dobutamine

Question 54

Which diuretic can be used to treat heart attacks?

Answer 54

Furosemide

Question 55

What ACE inhibitor is a prototype drug for the treatment of heart attacks?

Answer 55

Captopril

Question 56

Which vasodilator is used to treat heart attacks?

Answer 56

Hydralazine

Question 57

Which B-adrenoceptor blocker can help with heart attacks?

Answer 57

Metoprolol

Question 58

What antiarrhythmic drug functions by blocking Na channels (Class 1)?

Answer 58

Procainamide

Question 59

What antiarrhythmic drug functions by similar functions to a class 1 drug (Class 2)?

Answer 59

Quinidine

Question 60

What antiarrhythmic drug is the first choice for ventricular arrhythmias (Class 3)?

Answer 60

Lidocaine

Question 61

What antiarrhythmic drug functions by prolonging refractory periods (Class 3)?

Answer 61

Amiodarone

Question 62

What two antiarrhythmic drugs function by blocking Ca channels (Class 4)?

Answer 62

1. Verapamil and 2. Diltiazem