Quiz Week 1-2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
The blood-brain barrier includes which of the following?
a) The separation of the venous blood from the araterial blood entering the CNS
b) The tight junctions in the endothelial cells that line the capillaries of the central nervous system which prevent most macromolecules from entering the central nervous system
c) The ability of the choroid plexus to absorbs CSF so that it will exit the CNS
d) The tight junctions in the linings of peripheral arteries to prevent macromolecules from entering tissues of the body in the peripheral nervous system
e) The large openings in the CNS capillaries to allow must substances to gain access to the extracellular fluid of the brain
The tight junctions in the endothelial cells that line the capillaries of the central nervous system which prevent most macromolecules from entering the central nervous system.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding action potentials?
a) Action potentials are self-propagating
b) Action potentials are an all-or-none response
c) Action potentials are frequency-modulated
d) Action potentials are a local, graded response
Action potentials are local, graded response
Which artery supplies blood to the area of the superior temporal gyrus and lateral fissure, including the area of the primary auditory cortex?
Middle cerebral artery
Which answer best describes the flow of cerebrospinal fluid?
a)CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and flows upward to the lateral ventricles to be absorbed
b) CSF is produced in the subarachnoid space and then flows directly to the jugular vein
c) CSF is produced by the arachnoid villi and flows from the 2 lateral ventricles through the cerebral aqueduct to the third ventricle and then to the superior sagittal sinus
d) CSF is produced by choroid plexus and flows from the 2 lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramina to the third ventricle and then through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle and then out into the subarachnoid space
d) CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and flows from the 2 lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramina to the third ventricle and then through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle and then out into the subarachnoid space
What is the specific name of the condition caused when there is an occlusion of the foramina of the 4th ventricle resulting in a build-up of CSF within the ventricles that cannot escape into the subarachnoid space to circulate and be reabsorbed?
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
What type of cells form myelin on the axons in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Briefly describe why the arteries providing blood to the CNS are called the “circle” of Willis and state the importance or function of the circle of Willis.
The internal carotid arteries and the vertebrobasilar blood supply are connected in a ring or circle by the 2 posterior communicating arteries and the single anterior communicating artery. The purpose of the “circle” connections is to provide a safety valve for the blood supply to the CNS. If an artery becomes occluded over time, the small communicating arteries will expand to carry blood to the areas that are not receiving enough.
Which type of proprioceptors detect/measure muscle length?
muscle spindles
What are the names of the major arteries that bring blood from the heart to the central nervous system (coming off of the aorta and subclavian arteries)?
Carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
Separations in the layers of the dura form cavities which are part of the drainage system of the brain and are known as what?
Venous sinuses
During embryologic development, six hillocks of tissue form around both sides of the first branchial groove. What do these hillocks eventually form?
The pinna of the external ear
List two functions or expected actions from infants that can be used as indicators of possible abnormalities if the infant is not performing these functions.
Sucking, rooting, regulating temperature, swallowing, some muscle tone and movements (not too flaccid or too rigid), sleeping, peeing and pooping regularly…
Which branchial arches play a major role in development of ear structures?
Branchial arches 1 & 2
The ability to sense the position of one’s limbs is known as what?
Proprioception
What is the generic term that describes defects of the spinal cord, during embryologic development?
Spina Bifida
In the embryo, which flexure of the developing neural tube marks the location where the future brainstem meets the future spinal cord, and this bend straightens out through development?
Cervical flexure
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation/infection of the liver
Embryologically, what structures are derived from the neural tube and its tissues?
Central nervous system structures including structures such as the cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, ventricles, and spinal cord
What term is used when referencing the armpit?
Axillary
What term is used when referencing the cheek?
Buccal
What term is used when referencing the forearm or elbow?
Cubital
What term is used when referencing the back of hand or top of foot?
Dorsum
What term is used when referencing the foot?
Pedal
What term is used when referencing the abdomen?
Peritoneal
