Quiz Week 5-9 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Describe the light reflex of the visual system when a bright light is directed into one eye.
The stimulation goes to the brainstem via CN II and then causes CN III to activate the pupillary constrictors in both eyes
What is the Primary Motor Cortex?
Main motor area located on the precentral gyrus with direct cortical control over motor neurons
What is the Premotor Area
Aids in preparation for motor movements through facilitating specific sets of primary motor neuronstate specific sets of neurons
What is the supplemental motor area?
Facilitates coordination of complex movements and is not needed for simple repetitive tasks
A lesion to the cortex resulting in weakness of the extraocular eye muscles interrupting voluntary saccades but with intact ocular reflexes is an example of what?
Supranuclear opthalmoplegia
What activities are mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreasing heart rate, increasing digestive activity and pupillary constriction.
T/F: All patients who have tinnitus in one or both ears are extremely debilitated by it and cannot work or enjoy daily activities due to the strong emotional and physiological responses they have to the sounds.
False
T/F: The right visual field is represented in the visual cortex on the left side of the brain.
True
Describe the retinogeniculostriate pathway.
Visual information is picked up by rods and cones in the retina and sent along axons of CN II to the optic chiasm where some fibers decussate and enter either the left or right optic tract. These fibers synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. Fibers leaving the thalamus project through the internal capsule to become optic radiations to reach the primary visual cortex above and below the calcarine sulcus.
Which photoreceptors of the retina are responsible for color vision?
Cones
Ballismus is a movement disorder characterized by what?
A “jumping about” movement where an arm or leg shows wild flailing movements
T/F: Neuronal regeneration is most likely to occur within the central nervous system tissues such as in the spinal cord.
False
At the the site of an injury, damaged cells and nociceptors release many chemicals (e.g. K+, serotonin, substance P, bradykinin), and these chemicals cause what actions to occur?
The attraction of phagocytes to the area of the damage for cleaning away debris.
The dilation of arterioles, causing redness (flare) at the site of injury.
The leakage of plasma from venules, causing edema (swelling) at the site if injury.
What is the name for the type of pain described by someone feeling pain in the chest wall or left arm when the stimulation is from the heart due to myocardial ischemia (a heart attack)?
Referred pain
How would you describe a type of lesion that would result in a contralateral lower quadrantic anopsia?
A lesion impacting a portion (one half) of the optic radiations, specifically those going to the cuneus gyrus on one side
What area in the eye creates the natural blind spot?
The optic disk
Which fluid in the eyeball is the jelly-like semifluid which is important for maintaining the round shape of the globe of the eyeball?
Vitreous fluid
If a patient has spontaneous nystagmus, why might you not see it when the patient comes to your office and you are taking their case history?
Because the ability to visually fixate on objects in a lighted room masks or controls the nystagmus
Describe the flow of deoxygenated blood.
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava
How many pulmonary veins exist in the cardiovascular system?
4
What is the purpose of the bicuspid, tricuspid and semilunar valves of the heart?
To prevent the backflow of blood to an area where the blood was just pumped from (such as not letting the blood flow backwards from a ventricle back up into an atrium)
What is the most common blood type?
O+
During a neurological examination, observation of the patient’s ability to smile and grimmace to test for mimetic weakness shown through flattening of the nasolabial fold involvment of the muscles which raise the eyebrows, is done to test which cranial nerve?
CN VII
What is the name of the thick lower leg bone that is located medially?
Tibia
