Quiz21302 Flashcards
(17 cards)
How did the Eighteenth Amendment affect the use of alcohol (liquor) in America during
wartime? Pp.751-752 Prohibition
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Where did most of the 60,000 workers on the Panama Canal Zone come from to provide
labor on this massive project? How did the canal affect travel between the East and West
coasts of the United States? Which U.S. President turned over control of the Canal Zone
to Panama?
the building of the Panama canal involved the widespread use of immigrant labor. Most of the 60,000 workers came from the Caribbean islands of Barbados and Jamaica, but others hailed from Europe, Asia, and the United States. When completed in 1914, the canal reduced the sea voyage between the East and West coasts of the United States by 8,000 miles. President Jimmy Carter negotiated treaties that led to turning over the canal’s operation
Despite the excitement and social/material conformity of the “Jazz Age, or the Roaring
Twenties”, why did many Americans not embrace it? p.781 Introduction
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Many Americans, however did not welcome the new secular commercial culture. They resented and feared the ethnic and racial diversity of America’s cities and what they considered the lax moral standards of urban life. The 1920”s were profound social tensions -between rural and urban Americans, traditional and “modern” Christianity, participants in the burgeoning consumer culture, and those who did not fully share in the new prosperity.
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Know the examples of American backlash towards German-Americans in the United
States. p.760 The Anti-German Crusade
By 1919, the vast majority of the states had enacted restricting the the teaching of foreign languages. Many communities banned the playing of German music. The government jailed Karl Muck, the director of the Boston Symphony and a Swiss citizen, as an enemy alien after he insisted on including the works of German composers like Beethoven in his concerts.
What were the desired goals of supporters (employers, urban reformers, women, and
native-born Protestants) for Prohibition? Pp.750-751 Prohibition
Prohibition, a movement inherited from the nineteenth century that had gained new strength and militancy in Progressive America, finally achieved national success during the war. Numerous impulses flowed into the renewed campaign to ban intoxicating liquor. Employers hoped it would create a more disciplined labor force. Urban reformers believed that it would promote a more orderly city environment and undermine urban political machines that used saloons as places to organize. Women reformers hoped Prohibition would protect wives and children from husbands who engaged in domestic violence when drunk or who squandered their wages at saloons. Many native-born Protestants saw Prohibition as a way of imposing “American” values on immigrants.
Who created the Committee on Public Information (CPI) and what was its purpose? What
type of people worked with it? How did the CPI influence life in America? Pp.748-749
The Propaganda War
In April 1917, the Wilson administration created the Committee on Public Information (CPI) Committee on Public Information (CPI) to explain to Americans and the world, as its director, George Creel, put it, “the cause that compelled America to take arms in defense of its liberties and free institutions.” Enlisting academics, journalists, artists, and advertising men, the CPI flooded the country with prowar propaganda, using every available medium from pamphlets (of which it issued 75 million) to posters, newspaper advertisements, and motion pictures. It trained and dispatched across the country 75,000 Four-Minute Men, who delivered brief standardized talks (sometimes in Italian, Yiddish, and other immigrant languages) to audiences in movie theaters, schools, and other public venues.
The Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary
1904 announcement by President Theodore Roosevelt, essentially a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, that the United States could intervene militarily to prevent interference from European powers in the Western Hemisphere.
Know the two government agencies put in place by President Woodrow Wilson to assist
government supervision of the economy. p.730 and p.732 The Expanding Role of
Government
Congress created the Federal Reserve System, consisting of twelve regional banks. They were overseen by a central board appointed by the president and empowered to handle the issuance of currency, aid banks in danger of failing, and influence interest rates so as to promote economic growth. A second expansion of national power occurred in 1914, when Congress established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate and prohibit “unfair” business activities such as price-fixing and monopolistic practices.
What is the Society of American Indians and how did it affect Indian life during the
Progressive Era? p.712 Native American Progressivism
Many groups participated in the Progressive impulse. Founded in 1911, the Society of American Indians was a reform organization typical of the era. It brought together Indian intellectuals to promote discussion of the plight of Native Americans in the hope that public exposure would be the first step toward remedying injustice. Because many of the society’s leaders had been educated at government-sponsored boarding schools, the society united Indians of many tribal backgrounds. It created a pan-Indian public space independent of white control.
What were the goals/objectives of the Socialist Party in 1901?
The party called for immediate reforms such as free college education, legislation to improve the condition of laborers, and, as an ultimate goal, democratic control over the economy through public ownership of railroads and factories.
An American Standard of Living
The popularity of the idea of an American standard of living reflected, in part, the emergence of a mass-consumption society during the Progressive era. For the first time in the nation’s history, mass consumption came to occupy a central place in descriptions of American society and its future.
- Although religious fundamentalists touted the success of Prohibition in reducing the consumption of alcohol, public drunkenness, and drink-related diseases, it was deeply divisive. What were the concerns raised by Prohibition? Pp.800-801 The Fundamentalist Revolt
Prohibition, however, remained deeply divisive. The greatest expansion of national authority since Reconstruction, it raised major questions of local rights, individual freedom, and the wisdom of attempting to impose religious and moral values on the entire society through legislation. It divided the Democratic Party into “wet” and “dry” wings, leading to bitter battles at the party’s 1924 and 1928 national conventions. Too many Americans deemed Prohibition a violation of individual freedom for the flow of illegal liquor to stop. In urban areas, Prohibition led to large profits for the owners of illegal speakeasiespage801 and the “bootleggers” who supplied them. It produced widespread corruption as police and public officials accepted bribes to turn a blind eye to violations of the law. These developments reinforced fundamentalists’ identification of urban life and modern notions of freedom with immorality and a decline of Christian liberty.
- What is the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? What was the ERA’s goal as expressed by Alice Paul? Would it be a positive force in the lives of women? Was it accepted by all women’s groups? p.787 The Equal Rights Amendment
The long-standing division between two competing conceptions of woman’s freedom—one based on motherhood, the other on individual autonomy and the right to work—now crystallized in the debate over an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution promoted by Alice Paul and the National Woman’s Party. This amendment proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions “on account of sex.” In Paul’s opinion, the ERA followed logically from winning the right to vote. Having gained political equality, she insisted, women no longer required special legal protection—they needed equal access to employment, education, and all the other opportunities of citizens. To supporters of mothers’ pensions and laws limiting women’s hours of labor, which the ERA would sweep away, the proposal represented a giant step backward. Apart from the National Woman’s Party, every major female organization, from the League of Women Voters to the Women’s Trade Union League, opposed the ERA.
What is the “Share Our Wealth” Plan?-
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Share Our Wealth movement Program offered by Huey Long as an alternative to the New Deal. The program proposed to confiscate large personal fortunes, which would be used to guarantee every poor family a cash grant of $5,000 and every worker an annual income of $2,500. It also promised to provide pensions, reduce working hours, and pay veterans’ bonuses and ensured a college education to every qualified student.
What is meant by the “New Deal?”-
The New Deal is Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign
promise in his speech to the Democratic National Convention of 1932 to combat the
Great Depression with a “new deal for the American people.” The phrase became a
catchword for his ambitious plan of economic programs.
What does “Progressive” mean and who were the people associated with it? Pp.690-691
The word “Progressive” came into common use around 1910 as a way of describing a broad, loosely defined political movement of individuals and groups who hoped to bring about significant change in American social and political life. Progressive included forward looking buissnessmen who realized that workers must be accorded a voice in economic decision making, labor activists bent on empowering industrial workers
What did “Rerum Novarum” mean in Progressive America? p.701
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Pope Leo XIII’s powerful statement of 1891, Rerum Novarum, which criticized the divorce of economic life from ethical considerations, endorsed the right of workers to organize unions, and repudiated competitive individualism in favor of a more cooperative vision of the good society.
