Quiz4 Flashcards
(9 cards)
- How did Title IX and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act influence the lives of American women? p.1039 The Continuing Sexual Revolution
During the Nixon years, women made inroads into areas from which they had long been excluded. In 1972, Congress approved Title Ⅸ, which banned gender discrimination in higher education, and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which required that married women be given access to credit in their own name. The giant corporation American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) entered into a landmark agreement in which it agreed to pay millions of dollars
to workers who had suffered gender discrimination and to upgrade employment opportunities for women. The number of women at work continued its upward climb.
- What was the Tea Party’s appeal to its supporters and how did it affect President Obama’s first term? p.1147 The Republican Resurgence
The Tea Party, named for the Boston Tea Party of the 1770s and inspired by its opposition to taxation by a far-away government, mobilized grassroots opposition to the administration. The Tea Party appealed to a long-established American fear of overbearing federal power, as well as to more recent anxieties, especially about immigration. Some supporters advocated repealing the provision of the Fourteenth Amendment granting automatic citizenship to all persons born in the United States.
Democrats suffered a severe reversal. Republicans swept to control of the House of Representatives and substantially reduced the Democratic majority in the Senate. The outcome at the national level was political gridlock that lasted for the remainder of Obama’s presidency. Obama could no longer get significant legislation through Congress.
- What was the focus of the protest “Occupy Wall Street?” p.1139 The Occupy Movement
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Occupy Wall Street, as they put it—as a protest against growing economic inequality, declining opportunity, and malfeasance by the banks.
The Occupy movement tapped into a widespread feeling of alienation, especially among the young, a sense that society’s rules have been fixed in favor of those at the top. And it spurred a movement among low-paid workers, especially in fast-food establishments, demanding a rise in the hourly minimum wage.
- According to the picture on p.1134, who was the first woman to have served on the United States Supreme Court? Obama in Office
This photograph, taken in 2010, depicts the four women who have served on the Supreme Court. From left to right: Sandra Day O’Connor, the first female justice (appointed in 1981); Sonia Sotomayor (2009); Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1993); and Elena Kagan (2010).
- What was the cause of the rise of imprisonment in America? p.1099 The Spread of Imprisonment
in the 1970s, as noted in the previous chapter, with urban crime rates rising, politicians of both parties sought to convey the image of being “tough on crime.” They treated drug addiction as a violation of the law rather than as a disease. State governments greatly increased the penalties for crime and reduced the possibility of parole. Successive presidents launched “wars” on the use of illegal drugs. As a result, the number of Americans in prison rose dramatically, most of them incarcerated for nonviolent drug offenses.
- How did the computer change American life? Who were the “architects” of the computer revolution? p.1089 The Computer Revolution
But it was the computer that transformed American life. Beginning in the 1980s, companies like Apple and IBM marketed computers for business and home use. As computers became smaller, faster, and less expensive, they found a place in bus
inesses of every kind. By the year 2000, nearly half of all American households owned a personal computer, used for entertainment, shopping, and sending and receiving electronic mail. Centers of computer technology, such as Silicon Valley south of San Francisco, the Seattle and Austin metropolitan areas, and lower Manhattan, boomed during the 1990s.
- How did immigration change the face of Black America? p.1097 The Changing Face of Black America
One major change in black life was the growing visibility of Africans among the nation’s immigrants. Between 1970 and 2010, more than twice as many Africans immigrated to the United States as had entered during the entire period of the Atlantic slave trade. For the first time, all the elements of the African diaspora—natives of Africa, Caribbeans, Central and South Americans of African descent, Europeans with African roots—could be found in the United States alongside the descendants of American slaves.
- What is “glasnost and perestroika?” p.1072 Reagan and Gorbachev
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In his second term, to the surprise of both his foes and supporters, Reagan softened his anticommunist rhetoric and established good relations with Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev had come to power in 1985, bent on reforming the Soviet Union’s repressive political system and reinvigorating its economy. The country had fallen further and further behind the United States in the production and distribution of consumer goods, and it relied increasingly on agricultural imports to feed itself. Gorbachev inaugurated policies known as glasnost (political openness) and perestroika (economic reform).
- Although his presidency was considered a failure, when and where did Jimmy Carter achieve political success? p.1062 The Election of 1980
Jimmy Carter’s reputation improved after he left the White House. He went to work for Habitat for Humanity, an organization that constructs homes for poor families. In the 1990s, he negotiated a cease-fire between warring Muslim and Serb forces in Bosnia and arranged a peaceful transfer of power from the military to an elected government in Haiti. In 2002, Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. His presidency, however, is almost universally considered a failure. And his defeat in 1980 launched the Reagan Revolution, which completed the transformation of freedom from the rallying cry of the left to a possession of the right.
