Quizlet Flashcards by Mariela Torres

Besides P450, what are 2 other common enzymes?

Monoamine oxidase and flavin-containing monooxygenases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Laser striking a matrix of small molecules that makes the analyte molecules into the gas phase without causing fragmentation of decomposition, the matrix and analyte molecules converted into gas move towards the detector, analyte molecules will be ionized by nearby matrix molecules.

MALDI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First, the sample is mixed with a suitable matrix material and applied to a metal plate. Second, a pulsed laser irradiates the sample, triggering ablation and desorption of the sample and matrix material. Finally, the analyte molecules are ionized by being protonated or deprotonated in the hot plume of ablated gases, and then they can be accelerated into whichever mass spectrometer is used to analyze them

MALDI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

7 examples of protein ppt reagent

Organic solvents, Zinc sulfate in MeOH, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, sodium tungstate, ammonium sulfate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What ionization gas is commonly used in chemical ionization?

Methane and Ammonia Gas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Energized (ionized) by inductively heating the gas with an electromagnetic coil, and contains a sufficient concentration of ions and electrons to make the gas electrically conductive. Can be used for metals.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Ionization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol?

EtG, EtS, Phosphatidylethanol (Peth), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Used to analyze nonpolar and moderately polar compounds; has an interface that uses photons emitted by a light source to ionize analytes

APPI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HILIC stand for?

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antidote for cyanide poisoning?

Amyl nitrate inhalation with IV sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate > combination forms methemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The process in which drugs and metabolites excreted into the bile, enter the intestines and are reabsorbed into the bloodstream

Enterohepatic Circulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemical waster that is produced by your muscle metabolism

Creatinine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pH range of the stomach?

1.0-3.5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Volume in which the amount of toxicant would need to be uniformly dissolved in order to produce an observed blood concentration

Volume of Distribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enteral route of administration refers to…

Giving a drug via the GI tract. Includes: sublingually, orally, rectally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In general, how many half lives does it take for a drug to be completely eliminated?

6 half lives

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Cockroft-Gault formula?

Determine creatinine clearance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the breath is the only acceptable breath sample (ethanol)?

End-Expiratory Breath

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What factors affect bioavailability?

Drug solubility, Drug Concentration, Surface area, Blood Supply, pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 3 compounds that can produce methamphetamine as a metabolite?

Benzphetamine, Selegiline, Famprozazone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the major constituents of opium?

Morphine, Noscapine, Paraverine, Codeine, Thebaine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What 2 drugs will produce heroin like effects?

Pentazocine and Tripelennamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most recent synthetic opioid- 2008?

Tapentadol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order of potency, less to more: Fentanyl analogs

Alfentanil,Remifentanil, Sufentanil, Carfentanil, Lofentanil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acetylation of morphine

Heroin

How long can 6MAM be detected in urine after exposure?

2-8 hours

Typical opioid pKa values are

7.6-8.9

What is the Fujiwara color test used for?

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Test used for presumptive positive of salicylate?

Trinders

What is the pKa of GHB?

4.72

Group of drugs that are used to treat patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder; they work at the 5-HT1A receptor

Azapirones

Structurally similar to phenobarbital

Glutethimide

Uses glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. G6P-DH binds to antibody and is inhibited > NO DRUG. Drug binds to the antibody and prevents G6P-DH from binding, remains active > DRUG. G6P-DH converts NAD to NADH which causes a signal

EMIT

Fluorescein binds to drug which is bound to antibody. Cannot rotate freely and polarized light absorbed is emitted > DRUG Fluorescein rotates freely and polarized light emitted is reduced > NO DRUG

FPIA

Uses E. coli beta galactosidase. Activity of the enzyme requires enzyme acceptor and enzyme donor. Active enzyme hydrolyzes chlorophenolred-beta-galactosidase to chlorophenolred and galactose.

CEDIA

When there is so much drug that it produces either a lower response or a false negative

HOOK EFFECT

LLE

- protein precipitation - add immiscible organic solvent - pH adjustment to make the drug enter the organic solvent > makes unionized – 2pH units below pKa or above for amines)

Barbs major structural modification site

Short acting benzos

Midazolam and Triazolam

Intermediate acting benzos

Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam

What is the equation for electromagnetic radiation?

Wavelength x Frequency = c (speed of light)

Hydrocarbons of the analytes in a sample are burned by the flame and produce ions. Not detect inorganic compounds.

FID

Octanol-water partition coefficient. It is a measure of how hydrophilic or hydrophobic a molecule is.

LogP

What solvents are often used to extract basic substances via ion-pair extraction?

Chloroform and Dichloromethane

Major opiate alkaloids class obtained from the opium poppy.

Phenanthrenes

The part of the antigen that is recognized by the immune system

Epitope

At 3 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

99.6%

At 2 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

95.4%

At 1 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

68.2%

Uses a radioactive beta particle; used for halogenated compounds.

ECD

Hot bead emits e-. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are absorbed on the bead, which increases the current.

NPD

An e- is expelled during a collision with other energetic e-‘s, resulting in the molecule becoming a positive ion.

Electron Ionization

e- ionize a reagent gas that comes in contact with the compounds, resulting in molecular ions.

Chemical Ionization

Analytes undergo evaporation, which leaves them charged. When the charged molecule exceeds the Raleigh Stability Limit, the droplets fragment and you are left with charged ions.

Electrospray Ionization

12 Common Synthetic Cannabinoids

JWH018, JWH073, UR144, AKB48APINACA, BB22, PB22CUPIC, 5FLUOROPB225FPB22, ABFUBINACA, ADBPINACA, ABCHMINACA, ABPINACA, ADBICA, XLR11

Cannabinol is approximately ___ as psychoactive as THC.

10%

Common synthetic cathinones

Methcathinone, Mephedrone, Methylone, Buphedrone, Pyrovalerone, Alpha-PvP, MDPV, Bupropion

What is Lambert’s equation?

Log (1/T) = A T = transmittance A = absorbance

Emission of light from molecules that have been excited to a higher energy level after absorption of electromagnetic radiation

fluorescence

Labeled antigens added and bind to the antibodies. Any labeled unbound antigens are washed/removed. Sample is added and if there is antigen present, it will competitively bind to antibody and displace labeled antigens. Equilibrium is reached and washed a second time to remove any unbound labelled/unlabeled antigens. Radioactivity is recorded to determine how much drug is in the sample.

RIA

A calculated value used to compare the ability of stationary phases to separate different classes of compounds. It can be used to predict elution order.

McReynolds Constant

The introduction of an acyl (RCO-) to a molecular through the substitution of an active hydrogen. Ideal for polar molecules containing hydroxyls, thiols, or amines > converts to esters thioesters and amides

Acylation

3 examples of common acylation reagents

TFAA, PFAA (or PFPA), HFBA (or HFAA)

A qualitative characteristic of an assay that denotes the assay’s ability to detect and correctly identify an analyte in samples

Efficiency

In a suspected chronic poisoning, the best single specimen for elucidation of heavy metals

Hair

Specimen that can concentrate certain drugs, ex benzos

Bile

Reacts with nitrogenous bases in TLC

Iodoplatinate

Dragendorff’s reagent

Color test for nitrogenous bases

Indoylalkylamines

B-carbolines, Ergolines (LSD), a-methyltryptamines, Tryptamines (psilocin)

Metabolite of Phenytoin

HPPH

Detectors used for CO analysis

TCD and FID