Quizlet

Question 1

Exchange of water between ICF and ECF is driven by what condition?

Answer 1

Osmolality difference between ICF and ECF

Question 2

As a percentage of body weight, blood volume will be higher in which of the following individuals?

Answer 2

A male neonate

Question 3

Which of the following is not a significant component of ECF?

K+
Na+
Cl-
Bicarbonate

Answer 3

K+

Question 4

Using indicator dilution method, use of radioactive serum albumin will allow determination of the ____ volume.

Answer 4

Plasma

Question 5

Which of the following starling forces is normally negligible?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Capillary oncotic pressure
Interstitial oncotic pressure

Answer 5

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 6

Histamine induced edema is primarily due to which of the following?

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction

Answer 6

Increased interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 7

Liver damage can result in edema primarily due to which of the following reason?

Reduction in interstitial oncotic pressure
Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Reduction in capillary oncotic pressure
Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 7

Reduction in capillary oncotic pressure

Question 8

Elevated serum activity of which of the following enzymes indicates myocardial damage?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Creatine kinase
Xanthine oxidase
Cytochrome oxidase

Answer 8

Creatine kinase

Question 9

Elevated plasma concentration of which of the following indicates cholestasis?

Bilse salts
Creatine
Billrubin
Uric acid

Answer 9

Bile salts

Question 10

Ingestion of coffee and cocoa can aggravate gouty arthritis because they contain caffeine and theobromine. The enzyme converts caffeine and theobromine into which of the following metabolites that cause inflammation?

Answer 10

Uric acid

Question 11

A plasma sample has a Na of 100 mEq/L. The plasma osmolality for this patient will be?

100 mOsm/L
200 mOsm/L
300 mOsm/L
400 mOsm/L

Answer 11

200 mOsm/L

Question 12

Which of the following substance is freely permeable across cell membranes?

Na+
K+
Cholesterol
H2O

Answer 12

H2O

Question 13

Cellular dehydration will occur in response to which of the following conditions?

Hyperosmolar ECF
Hyperosmolar ISF
Hyperosmolar ICF
None of the above

Answer 13

Hyperosmolar ECF

Question 14

What determines plasma osmolality?

Answer 14

Total plasma solute concentration

Question 15

Normally prevents increases in ISF hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 15

Lymphatic drainage

Question 16

Can decrease plasma oncotic activty.

Answer 16

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 17

Causes plasma components to filter into the ISF.

Answer 17

Capillary hydrostatic pressures

Question 18

Causes fluid resorption from ISF into plasma.

Answer 18

Plasma protein concentration

Question 19

Hyperaldosteronism can cause which of the following?

Capillary dilation
Hypertension
Increased capillary permeability
None of the above

Answer 19

Hypertension

Question 20

Loss of isotonic fluid from the body will cause which of the following?

ICF contraction
ICF expansion
ECF contraction
ECF expansion

Answer 20

ECF contraction

Question 21

Excessive secretion of ADH will cause:

Hyponatremia
Hypo-osmolar ECF
Hypo-osmolar ICF
All of the above

Answer 21

All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following would occur in the plasma where oxygen supplies to muscle tissue during physical activity is not adequate?

Na+ decreases
K+ decreases
HCO3 decreases
PCO2 decreases

Answer 22

HCO3 decreases

Question 23

Ingestion of a large volume of water will result in which of the following conditions?

Iso-osmolar over hydration
Hypo-osmolar over hydration
Hyper-osmolar over hydration
None of the above

Answer 23

Hypo-osmolar over hydration

Question 24

The 60:40:20 rule represents the ratio of water content in which of the following body water compartments?

TBW:ECF:ICF
ECF:ICF:TBW
TBW:ICF:ECF
ICF:ECF:TBW

Answer 24

TBW:ICF:ECF

Question 25

Which of the following signs of acute inflammation are mediated by histamine action on capillary permeability at the site of injury? Redness Warmth Edema Pain

Answer 25

Edema

Question 26

Which of the folowing may occur in patient suffering form uncontrolled diabetes mellitus? Hyper-osmotic ECF Hypoglycemia Cellular over hydration All of the above

Answer 26

Hyper-osmotic ECF

Question 27

____ responsible for 50% of plasma osmolality.

Answer 27

Na+

Question 28

Major ECF buffer component.

Answer 28

Bicarbonate ions

Question 29

____ influx causes hyper-polarization of excitable membrane.

Answer 29

Cl-

Question 30

____ helps maintain blood volume.

Answer 30

Plasma proteins

Question 31

____ catalyzes biochemical reactions.

Answer 31

Intracellular proteins

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the starling forces? Capillary hydrostatic pressure Interstitial hydrostatic pressure Intracellular hydrostatic pressure Capillary oncotic pressure

Answer 32

Intracellular hydrostatic pressure

Question 33

Differences in osmolalities of the ECF and ICF will result in ____. Fluid exchange across capillary membrane Fluid exchange across cell membrane Water exchange across capillary membrane Water exchange across cell membrane

Answer 33

Water exchange across cell membrane

Question 34

The primary source of histamine that is released during acute inflammation are ____. Erythrocytes Mast cells Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Answer 34

Mast cells

Question 35

Exchange of nutrients and waste chemicals between plasma? Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules

Answer 35

Capillaries

Question 36

High NaCl intake can cause ____. Increase in blood volume and blood pressure Increase in secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide A and B are correct

Answer 36

A and B are correct

Question 37

The predominant cation in the ISF is ____.

Answer 37

Na+

Question 38

Which of the following is correct regarding ratio of ECF:ICF volumes? 1: 1 2: 1 1: 2 3: 1

Answer 38

1:2

Question 39

Hematocrit value will not change in which of the following conditions? Iso-osmotic volume contraction Hyper-osmotic volume concentration Hypo-osmotic volume contraction All of the above

Answer 39

Hyper-osmotic volume concentration

Question 40

The plasma sample of a person with elevated lactate concentration will also have which of the following? Elevated Cl- concentration Reduced Cl- concentration Elevated bicarbonate ion concentration Reduced bicarbonate ion concentration

Answer 40

Reduced bicarbonate ion concentration

Question 41

A change in ECF osmolarity will cause only the osmolarity, but not the volume of the ICF to change. True/False

Answer 41

False

Question 42

A patient with a total plasma cholesterol content of 150 mg/dl is said to have hypercholesterolemia. True/False

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Redness during acute inflammation is due to histamine-induced vasodilation. True/False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Most of the water loss during vigorous exercise occurs through urine production. True/False

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Inadequate water intake will initially case hypo-osmotic volume contraction in the ECF. True/False

Answer 45

False