R05 (Part 2) Flashcards
What are web protocols responsible for?
Data formats, addressing (URLs/IP), and transport (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS).
Name common mail protocols and their purpose:
SMTP (send), IMAP & POP3 (receive).
What do routing protocols do?
Direct data across networks (e.g. RIP, OSPF, BGP).
What are application protocols used for?
Enable communication for specific services (e.g. FTP, DNS, DHCP).
What is cloud computing?
Internet-based delivery of computing services (e.g. servers, storage, software).
Name the four types of cloud:
Public Cloud – Shared over the internet by providers (e.g. AWS); cost-effective and scalable.
Private Cloud – Dedicated to one organisation; more control and security.
Hybrid Cloud – Mix of public and private; flexible and adaptable.
Multi-Cloud – Uses multiple cloud providers; avoids lock-in and boosts resilience.
What is middleware?
Software that connects applications and services (e.g. APIs, databases).
What are IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, and XaaS?
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service: Provides virtual hardware like servers and storage (e.g. AWS EC2).
PaaS – Platform as a Service: Offers tools to develop and deploy apps without managing infrastructure (e.g. Heroku).
SaaS – Software as a Service: Delivers software over the internet (e.g. Gmail, Microsoft 365).
XaaS – Everything as a Service: Broad category covering all services delivered over the cloud.
How can systems be made resilient?
Redundancy
Upgrades
Hardening
Backups
Updates
Disaster plans
Staff training
Compare full, incremental, and differential backups:
Full: All data
Incremental: Changes since last backup
Differential: Changes since last full backup
Pros & cons of backups:
Full Backups
Pros: Complete restore, simple recovery.
Cons: High storage, slow backup.
Incremental Backups
Pros: Saves space, fast backup.
Cons: Slower restore, risk of data loss.
Differential Backups
Pros: Faster restore, more efficient than full.
Cons: More storage than incremental, can grow large.
