R4; L9-11

Question 1

Explain the entirety of the power law practice

Answer 1

• taking a long break expresses a better performance curve compared to those who had little break
• the more practice you have, the more learning takes place
• more learning at the start, there is improved speed compared to end of performance
• improvement can occur for years, the law of performance is linear related to amount of trials

Question 2

In part vs whole practice, when should you separate drills?

Answer 2

During the hardest parts of the performance, makes these their own practice work

Question 3

True or false (explain your answer) you cant have separate drills for each limb.

Answer 3

False, you can have separate drills for each limb, but the interactions between the effects cannot be learned. This is how one limb effects the other

Question 4

When is part practice useful?

Answer 4

It’s only useful if there is no functional purpose that needs to be achieved (coordination).
- if limbs need to be coordinated, they must learn together because as expressed, they effect each other.

Question 5

What is deliberate practice?

Answer 5

This is activities that have been designed to improve correct levels of performance, they are NOT enjoyable.

Question 6

What are the three types of guidance?

Answer 6

Physical, verbal, and visual

Question 7

Is video a form of guidance?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

As specificity increases with practice, what might occur with an individual who constantly practices with cues?

Answer 8

These individuals can experience a phenomenon where they become more reliant on a cue and dependent, eventually hurting their retention/transferable skills since the cue is not present

Question 9

In ACQ and TR what are the rankings of these:

Concurrent physical feedback, terminal feedback, and concurrent visual feedback?

Answer 9

ACQ= Concurrent physical>concurrent visual> terminal

TR=Terminal>concurrent visual> concurrent physical

Question 10

What is the specificity of practice hypothesis?

Answer 10

Learning is specific to the sources of afferent information available during practice

Question 11

Specificity is all about ______ through ________

Answer 11

Flexibility, variability

Question 12

What is variable practice most associated with? (Kind of skill)

Answer 12

Open skills

Question 13

What part of the schema theory does variable practice fit under? What’s the process?

Answer 13

Variable practice fits under the response specifications area. This is where parameters are being set after an individual chooses their GMP.

Question 14

What happens if you’re asked to change parameters from task to task?

Answer 14

There will be a more accurate representation of the GMP since this allows fora greater internal mapping system.

Question 15

What are the three factors that influence variability of practice?

Answer 15

1. Age of learning
2. Nature of task
3. Scheduling of practice

Question 16

What do you do if you’re trying to train novices?

Answer 16

You must add more variation to show the differentiation of the skill

Question 17

What are some effects variability of practice has?

Answer 17

• people develop schemas about their own motor behaviour
• subjects learn a rule in the practice sequence
• learning a rule will be more effective if experience is varied

Question 18

What are the two types of contextual interference?

Answer 18

Blocked= same GMP for the single trial

Random= changes GMP from one practice to another

Question 19

In any ACQ, what kind of practice is better? What about for TR?

Answer 19

In any ACQ, blocked practice is always better. There’re perform random practice to better improve performance since it showed better in TR.

Question 20

What is the elaborative distinctive hypothesis?

Answer 20

• random processes that promote comparative and contrastive analyses of the actions required to complete the task
• without concept, there is not perception, you cannot see the difference
• this is where two actions are similar and cannot be perceived differently

Question 21

What is the forgetting/reconstructive hypothesis?

Answer 21

• this is where an individual has to reconstruct particular motor programs
• its harder in random practice since you have to retrieve information (easier in blocked)

The retrieval process helps since it allows for neural pathways to become more functional

Question 22

What’s an issue with circuit based CT?

Answer 22

If one station takes too long, there is no retrieval of GMP occurring

Question 23

Difference between variable practice and contextual interference?
(In terms of what type of practice and their target)

Answer 23

Variable practice: constant practice vs variable practice; target= random>serial/sequential

Contextual interference: blocked vs random; target= random>/= serial