R3; L7-L8

Question 1

What does the use of feedback allow for an individual to decide?

Answer 1

It allows for an individual to decide on a muscular order; the more force you apply the more variability there is.

Question 2

What happens if you apply too much force?

Answer 2

You begin to lose efficiency and accuracy

Question 3

What are the three ways to enhance a motor pattern?

Answer 3

1. Start with something that does not require force and progress to a motor partners that has more variability
2. Internally organize the series of contractions in a specific fashion
3. The first movement initiates all of the following movements (Schmidt)

Question 4

What are the three supporting pieces of evidence for movement patterns? (Don’t explain them)

Answer 4

Reaction time
Deafferentation
Blocked movement

Question 5

With regards to ‘reaction time’ being a supporting piece of evidence for movement patterns, explain it.

Answer 5

• the longer the response is, the longer the reaction time is going to be

Question 6

With regards to ‘deafferentation’ being a supporting piece of evidence for movement patterns, explain all the detail on the study.

Answer 6

• scientists cut the afferent nerves so portions do not relay (sensory information can be eliminated)
• the nerves were cut, limb was moved without seeing it, accuracy decreased but the motion pattern stayed consistent.
• there was a specific endpoint (position of the arm) and a certain time in a skill that is critical

Question 7

With regards to ‘blocked movement’ being a supporting piece of evidence for movement patterns, explain it.

Answer 7

• this is strongly supported by internal representations of movements
• this supports how the sequence of muscle organization occurs
• an internal representation continues their movement regardless of disruption

Question 8

What is the equilibrium point hypothesis?

Answer 8

This states alternate views of how we centrally organize movement

Question 9

What are the six steps in the motor schema theory?

Answer 9

1. Initial conditions and desired outcomes
2. Selection of motor schema (GMP)this is where you parametrize
3. Execution of motor program
4. Goes to the limbs (also sends proprioceptive information)
5. Goes to the environment (sends exteroceptive feedback)
6. Measuring outcome (compare actual vs desired response)

Question 10

What is a GMP share by?

Answer 10

A GMP is shared by each class of movement.
- one GMP is shared by multiple movements as long as they are in the same class

Question 11

What is a set fo parameters?

Answer 11

This represents surface features, they only change how the GMP is expressed

Question 12

What is specified prior to each trail? And why?

Answer 12

A set of parameters Is specified in order to give transferable knowledge

Question 13

A movement class is determined by the following four things:

Answer 13

1. Initial height
2. Initial speed
3. Launch angles
4. Range or parabola

Question 14

What are the four steps for GMP movement production?

Answer 14

1. Information process in stimulus ID stage
2. GMP chosen during response selection
3. GMP retrieved from LT memory
4. During movement programming stage, MP is preparing for movement

Question 15

Overall movement time could be ______ without affecting GMP timing

Overall movement time is a ______ of GMP

Answer 15

Varied, parameter

Question 16

What are the two rationales for GMP?

Answer 16

Storage- a motor program is set for each throwing velocity and angles
Novelty- a new program for each new combination

Question 17

What are the stable features of a GMP?

Answer 17

• relative sequence
• relative duration
• relative amplitude

Question 18

What is an open looped system? Give an example.

Answer 18

An opened loop system does not have a comparator or reference of correctness

• the executable stage passes instructions to effector level
• there are no modifications
• example is traffic lights or ski lifts

Question 19

What are the advantages to a GMP?

Answer 19

The variability of practice—> more GMP parameterization

Easier storage—> one GMP for all the possibilities within a movement class

Question 20

What are the limitations of a GMP?

Answer 20

• If its your first attempt, this is a novelty issue

- the effect of reduced KR—> this is important for feedback

Question 21

Draw the motor schema theory

Answer 21

draw it you fuck, there’s no way to get an image on here