Raab- Exam 2 - Fall 2023

Question 1

one gene influences multiple characteristics ex) sickle cell anemia

Answer 1

Pleiotropy

Question 2

both parents must pass on the allele for disorder

Answer 2

autosomal recessive disorder

Question 3

only one parents needs to have the disease to pass it on

Answer 3

autosomal dominant disorder

Question 4

An allele that is always expressed

Answer 4

Dominant

Question 5

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Answer 5

Recessive

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

having two different alleles for a trait

Question 8

genotype

Answer 8

genetic makeup of an organism, allele combination ex) HhEE

Question 9

incomplete dominance

Answer 9

neither allele is completely dominant ex) pink snapdragons

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

physical characteristics of an organism ex) brown hair, brown eyes

Question 11

Enzymes in DNA replication

Answer 11

helicase, topoisomerase, DNA polymerase, ligase, primase

Question 12

codominance

Answer 12

both phenotypes are fully expressed ex) type AB blood

Question 13

replication characteristics

Answer 13

bidirectional, semi-conservative

Question 14

mitosis

Answer 14

full 46 diploid chromosomes are replicated (somatic cells)

Question 15

meiosis

Answer 15

23 haploid chromosomes are replicated (sex cells)

Question 16

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic mRNA similarities

Answer 16

5’ to 3’ direction
same bases
RNA polymerase

Question 17

Eukaryotic mRNA only characteristics

Answer 17

5’ cap and 3’ tail
introns and exons (splice in nucleus),
pre-mRNA
one gene w/ many proteins

Question 18

Prokaryotic mRNA only characteristics

Answer 18

no alternative splicing, can’t shuffle order, one gene w/ one protein

Question 19

How many base pairs do prokaryotic cells make per second?

Answer 19

1000

Question 20

How many base pairs do eukaryotic cells make per second?

Answer 20

50

Question 21

DNA only characteristics

Answer 21

double stranded,
DNA polymerase,
Thymine,
deoxyribose sugar,
store genetic information,
permanent

Question 22

RNA only characteristics

Answer 22

single stranded
, RNA polymerase,
Uracil,
ribose sugar,
uses genetic information,
transient

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

DNA to RNA,
RNA polymerase,
DNA template,
occurs in nucleus

Question 24

Steps of Transcription

Answer 24

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 25

mRNA function

Answer 25

code for proteins

Question 26

tRNA

Answer 26

serve as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 27

rRNA function

Answer 27

form core of ribosome's structure and catalyze protein synthesis

Question 28

How many bonds hold together C-G

Answer 28

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 29

How many bonds hold together A-T

Answer 29

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 30

Cytosine pairs with

Answer 30

Guanine

Question 31

Adenine pairs with

Answer 31

Thymine

Question 32

Purines (2 rings)

Answer 32

Adenine and Guanine

Question 33

Pyrimidines

Answer 33

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 34

Where does DNA replication occur?

Answer 34

Nucleus (eukaryotic) or Cytoplasm (prokaryotic)

Question 35

Silent Mutation

Answer 35

no effect

Question 36

Missense Mutation

Answer 36

changes an amino acid Nonsense Mutation

Question 37

Nonsense Mutation action

Answer 37

inserts a stop codon

Question 38

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 38

insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs

Question 39

Spontaneous mutation

Answer 39

naturally occurring mutations in cells

Question 40

Induced mutation

Answer 40

mutation caused by external agents ex) UV radiation, Xrays, etc

Question 41

Introns

Answer 41

A noncoding sequence in a eukaryotic RNA, removed

Question 42

Exons

Answer 42

Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA, spliced together to form mRNA

Question 43

homologous chromosomes

Answer 43

pair of alike chromosomes

Question 44

Centromere

Answer 44

Region of chromosome where sister chromatids attach

Question 45

Telomere

Answer 45

a compound structure at end of chromosome

Question 46

Gene Locus

Answer 46

Location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 47

Karyotype

Answer 47

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes

Question 47

alleles

Answer 47

gene pair at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes

Question 48

3q26 what part is the chromosome?

Answer 48

3 (start)

Question 49

what part is the arm? (3q26)

Answer 49

q (middle)

Question 50

what part is the region? (3q26)

Answer 50

26 (end)

Question 51

All genes transcribed?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

All genes are transcribed equally.

Answer 52

No because it's not exactly the same proteins

Question 53

Triplet repeat disorder

Answer 53

down syndrome extra chromosome 21st chromosome

Question 54

name an Autosomal dominant disorder

Answer 54

Huntington's disease

Question 55

Autosomal recessive disorder

Answer 55

cystic fibrosis

Question 56

Prokaryotic

Answer 56

One gene one protein no splicing No cap or tail Transfer and translation at the same time eukaryotes cant

Question 57

Eukaryote

Answer 57

3 prime cap 2 prime tail Anytime dealing with introns or exons Multiple genes Splicing in nucleus

Question 58

A's opposite is

Answer 58

T

Question 59

G's oposite is

Answer 59

C

Question 60

C's oposite is

Answer 60

G

Question 61

T's opposite is

Answer 61

A

Question 62

to transcribe you change the T's to

Answer 62

U