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hist 102 > Raab - Exam 3 - 113 JMU > Flashcards

Raab - Exam 3 - 113 JMU Flashcards

1
Q

2 different infectious bacteria and what they are

A

Ecoli - urinary tract infection
Salmonella - food poisoning

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2
Q

2 different infectious viruses with a description

A

COVID - affects the lungs and is catchable by bodily fluids

FLU - associated with cough sore throat and occasionally vomiting

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3
Q

Epidemiology (what is an agent)

A

biological or physical factor that causes a disease

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4
Q

A vector is what

A

something that carries the agent that causes the illness such as rats carrying the black plague

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5
Q

Define PCR list steps

A

Denature, Annealing, Extension

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6
Q

Denature

A

(heating up and separating strands)

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7
Q

Annealing

A

(Cooling to bind primers to template strands)

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8
Q

Extension

A

(Heat DNA polymerase extending the primers)

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9
Q

Describe what a chimeric antibody is

A

antibody that is engineered by combining genetic material from different species

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10
Q

Know what an epitope is

A

binding site

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11
Q

Know what an antigen is

A

Molecule triggering immune response

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12
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Is a single B-cell point

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13
Q

Polyclonal antibodies

A

Is from multiple B-Cells

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14
Q

Draw the structure of an antibody

A

Y
(top likes are light bottom are heavy)
(top of y is variable region)
(bottom of y is contant)

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15
Q

two things HHA’s can test for

A

Biomarkers,infectious diseases

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16
Q

HHA’s - How they work

A

prepared sample is
applied to Sample
Well then the sample flows from
Sample Well to
Conjugate Pad

17
Q

HHA’s - what must always happen

A

The control must show up

18
Q

HHA’s - and two things they can test for

A

-Infectious Diseases, Biomarkers

19
Q

what is a Positive control
how does it work

A

used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
A positive control is a sample expected to produce a positive result in the test so you have a benchmark

20
Q

-what is a negative control
-how does it work

A

-used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
- lets you know if the test is contaminated

21
Q

What are the types of demics

A

Pandemic, Epidemic, Endemic

22
Q

Pandemic

A

A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large population

23
Q

Endemic

A

Refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a specific geographic area or population

24
Q

Epidemic

A

Occurs when the occurrence of cases of a particular disease in a population exceeds what is normally expected

25
Q

What type of demic covid

A

pandemic

26
Q

What type of demic common cold

A

endemic

27
Q

What type of demic ebola

A

epidemic

28
Q

What is ligase

A

Ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication

29
Q

What part of the cellular process is ligase present

A

DNA Replication and Repair

30
Q

How is ligase used in cloning

A

Connect DNA fragments with compatible ends

31
Q

What is a endeonuclecleiace restriction enzyme

A

enzymes that cut the DNA at or near these recognition sites

32
Q

3 diffrences of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme

A

Cutting patterns, Recognition Sequence, Orgin

33
Q

role of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme in a bacteria cell

A

protect immune system against bacteriophages

34
Q

how do bacteria protect its genome from restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzymes

A

DNA methylation

35
Q

If you have a 4 or 6 or 8 base enzyme which one cuts more frequently

A

4 b4cause it cuts more frequently

36
Q

Two main principles that allow Gel electrophoresis to work

A

charge and, size

37
Q

Vaccines what it is and how it works

A

Vacines help protect us from diseases they work by presenting harmless fragments of a disease to help protect against future infections since the body has seen it before.

38
Q

Define what a str is

A

Short Tandem Repeat - sequence of nucleotides is repeated

hist 102 (6 decks)

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