Raab - Exam 3 - 113 JMU

Question 1

2 different infectious bacteria and what they are

Answer 1

Ecoli - urinary tract infection
Salmonella - food poisoning

Question 2

2 different infectious viruses with a description

Answer 2

COVID - affects the lungs and is catchable by bodily fluids

FLU - associated with cough sore throat and occasionally vomiting

Question 3

Epidemiology (what is an agent)

Answer 3

biological or physical factor that causes a disease

Question 4

A vector is what

Answer 4

something that carries the agent that causes the illness such as rats carrying the black plague

Question 5

Define PCR list steps

Answer 5

Denature, Annealing, Extension

Question 6

Denature

Answer 6

(heating up and separating strands)

Question 7

Annealing

Answer 7

(Cooling to bind primers to template strands)

Question 8

Extension

Answer 8

(Heat DNA polymerase extending the primers)

Question 9

Describe what a chimeric antibody is

Answer 9

antibody that is engineered by combining genetic material from different species

Question 10

Know what an epitope is

Answer 10

binding site

Question 11

Know what an antigen is

Answer 11

Molecule triggering immune response

Question 12

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 12

Is a single B-cell point

Question 13

Polyclonal antibodies

Answer 13

Is from multiple B-Cells

Question 14

Draw the structure of an antibody

Answer 14

Y
(top likes are light bottom are heavy)
(top of y is variable region)
(bottom of y is contant)

Question 15

two things HHA’s can test for

Answer 15

Biomarkers,infectious diseases

Question 16

HHA’s - How they work

Answer 16

prepared sample is
applied to Sample
Well then the sample flows from
Sample Well to
Conjugate Pad

Question 17

HHA’s - what must always happen

Answer 17

The control must show up

Question 18

HHA’s - and two things they can test for

Answer 18

-Infectious Diseases, Biomarkers

Question 19

what is a Positive control
how does it work

Answer 19

used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
A positive control is a sample expected to produce a positive result in the test so you have a benchmark

Question 20

-what is a negative control
-how does it work

Answer 20

-used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
- lets you know if the test is contaminated

Question 21

What are the types of demics

Answer 21

Pandemic, Epidemic, Endemic

Question 22

Pandemic

Answer 22

A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large population

Question 23

Endemic

Answer 23

Refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a specific geographic area or population

Question 24

Epidemic

Answer 24

Occurs when the occurrence of cases of a particular disease in a population exceeds what is normally expected

Question 25

What type of demic covid

Answer 25

pandemic

Question 26

What type of demic common cold

Answer 26

endemic

Question 27

What type of demic ebola

Answer 27

epidemic

Question 28

What is ligase

Answer 28

Ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication

Question 29

What part of the cellular process is ligase present

Answer 29

DNA Replication and Repair

Question 30

How is ligase used in cloning

Answer 30

Connect DNA fragments with compatible ends

Question 31

What is a endeonuclecleiace restriction enzyme

Answer 31

enzymes that cut the DNA at or near these recognition sites

Question 32

3 diffrences of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme

Answer 32

Cutting patterns, Recognition Sequence, Orgin

Question 33

role of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme in a bacteria cell

Answer 33

protect immune system against bacteriophages

Question 34

how do bacteria protect its genome from restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzymes

Answer 34

DNA methylation

Question 35

If you have a 4 or 6 or 8 base enzyme which one cuts more frequently

Answer 35

4 b4cause it cuts more frequently

Question 36

Two main principles that allow Gel electrophoresis to work

Answer 36

charge and, size

Question 37

Vaccines what it is and how it works

Answer 37

Vacines help protect us from diseases they work by presenting harmless fragments of a disease to help protect against future infections since the body has seen it before.

Question 38

Define what a str is

Answer 38

Short Tandem Repeat - sequence of nucleotides is repeated