Race and corrections (3)

Question 1

race

Answer 1

skin color and physical features of a group of people

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

refers to differences between groups of people based on culture

Question 3

disparity

Answer 3

the unequal treatment of one group by the CJ system, compared to the treatment accorded other groups

Question 4

discrimination

Answer 4

differential treatment of an individual or group without reference of the behavior or qualifications

Question 5

differential enforcement

Answer 5

focuses attention on how people of color are treated at each stage of the CJ system process

Question 6

disproportionate minority contact (DMC)

Answer 6

overrepresentation of minorities

Question 7

differential offending opportunities

Answer 7

focuses on offending behaviors, not enforcement
Contends that people of color have higher risk factors associated with offending

Question 8

institutional racism

Answer 8

discriminatory policies and practices within organizations and institutions

Question 9

systemic racism

Answer 9

ongoing racial inequalities maintained by society

Question 10

what amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

Answer 10

13th

Question 11

the south used the _____________ after the civil war as a form of slavery

Answer 11

convict leasing system

Question 12

what was used in place of slave codes

Answer 12

black codes

Question 13

what replaced black codes

Answer 13

Jim Crow laws

Question 14

disenfranchisement

Answer 14

revoking someone’s right to vote

Question 15

Scottsboro boys

Answer 15

All-white juries were challenged during appeals
Set standard for right to counsel in capital trial
9 black teens accused of raping two white women on train
1931

Question 16

Emmett Till

Answer 16

Highlights legacy of lynching in America
“whistled” at white woman
1941

Question 17

Central Park 5

Answer 17

Challenged the failure to tape custodial interrogations
5 black teens accused of raping a jogger, later actual rapist confessed
1989

Question 18

Historical trauma

Answer 18

collective and compounding emotional and psychic wounding occurring over time

Question 19

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta (2022)

Answer 19

holding for the first time that states have jurisdiction, unless expressly preempted by federal law, to prosecute crimes by non-Indians against Indians in Indian Country

Question 20

_______ have the highest rates of victimization compared to other race/ethnic groups, and also suffer from higher poverty rates, higher unemployment rates, and lowest median income of any race/ethnic group

Answer 20

Native Americans

Question 21

Native Americans are incarcerated at ____ the rate of white people

Answer 21

twice

Question 22

Operation gatekeeper/build the wall

Answer 22

hardened America-Mexico border

Question 23

operation streamline

Answer 23

allow federal criminal charges and detention without bail for those caught entering the US

Question 24

national fugitive operations program

Answer 24

sanctioning searches and house raids based on suspicion of illegal status

Question 25

287(g) program

Answer 25

authorizes partnership between immigration agencies and local law enforcement

Question 26

secure communities

Answer 26

mandatory program that bars release of arrested individual until immigration status is determined

Question 27

Asian Americans in US

Answer 27

- largely underrepresented in jails/prisons - concentration camps (FDR, post WWII) - first drug laws passed were against opium dens (often associated with Asians) - first immigration laws passed against Asians (Chinese exclusion act) - Chinese labor transcontinental railroad - Asians criticized for taking jobs from poor white people