Rad SCI Review

Question 1

Scientific approach is _________

Answer 1

Self-correcting - it will always change

Question 2

When were X-rays discovered?

Answer 2

November 8, 1895

Question 3

Who discovered X-rays?
(registry question)

Answer 3

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 4

Who discovered fluoroscopy?

Answer 4

Thomas Edison

Question 5

ALARA stands for?

Answer 5

As
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable
(Refers to occupational exposure)

Question 6

Largest source of radiation for average human?

Answer 6

Radon gas
(coming from earth)

Question 7

Metric system is aka _______

Answer 7

Le Systeme International (SI)

Question 7

Unit prefix for hundredths:
Unit prefix for millions:
Unit prefix for thousandths:
Unit prefix for millionths:
Unit prefix for thousands:

Answer 7

centi = c
mega = M
milli = m
micro = Mu
kilo = k

Question 8

2 types of Mechanical Energy?

Answer 8

Potential energy
Kinetic energy

Question 9

what is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 9

Energy can’t be created/destroyed
Energy can only be transformed

Question 10

what types of energy are these?
Potential Energy:
Conduction heat:
Kinetic Energy:
Convection heat:
Radiation heat:

Answer 10

Energy of position
Direct contact
Energy of motion
Mixing of hot & cold molecules
Transfer

Question 11

99% of X-ray tube interactions are ____ interactions

Answer 11

Heat

Question 12

what is the main reason for the use of technique charts?

Answer 12

Consistency

Question 13

how do we determine technique?

Answer 13

Body part (density (muscle, air, fat)
Measurement of body part (thickness)

Question 14

what are these and where are they located?
proton:
neutron:
electron:

Answer 14

Positively charged particle located in nucleus
No charge particle located in nucleus
Negatively charged particle orbiting nucleus & creating orbital layers

Question 15

what are atomic shells?
what 2 rules are associated with shells?

Answer 15

Letters: K - Q
Principle Quantum Numbers: 1 - 7
2n^2 rule & Octet rule

Question 16

what is a nucleon?

Answer 16

Protons & neutrons

Question 17

what is an Alpha particle?

Answer 17

2 protons & 2 neutrons
Changes atom’s elemental structure
20x more damaging than X-rays
(Due to the size)

Question 18

what is the z number?

Answer 18

Number of protons in (elements) nucleus
Number of electrons in stable atom

Question 19

what is the 2n^2 rule?

Answer 19

maximum number of electrons allowed in a shell
(n=principle quantum number)

Question 20

what is the octet rule?

Answer 20

outermost shell can never hold more than 8 electrons

Question 21

what is a mixture?
aka?
what is a molecule?
what is an isotope?

Answer 21

2+ substances not chemically bonded
aka Suspension
2+ atoms chemically bonded together
atom w/ unusual number of neutrons
(Not necessarily radioactive)

Question 22

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 22

Positive & negative ions attracted to each other electrically
Super strong bond

Question 23

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 23

Bonding of 2 atoms w/odd number of electrons
2 atoms share “extra” electrons in figure 8 pattern
Much weaker than ionic bond

Question 24

what is the radioactive state?

Answer 24

Nucleus is unstable & spends too much energy holding itself together

Question 25

what is the ground state?

Answer 25

most stable configuration of nucleons (correct number of neutrons to stabilize atom)

Question 25

what is a beta particle?

Answer 25

Breakdown of neutron into positive neutron (now a proton) & high-speed negative electron 5x more damaging than X-rays

Question 26

what is ionization?

Answer 26

gain or loss of an electron creates net electrical charge

Question 26

what are gamma rays? what is natural about these?

Answer 26

energy released from unstable nucleus w/o change to atomic structure naturally occurring X-rays

Question 26

what are two ways an electron can be removed creating an ion?

Answer 26

Incident electron Incident x-ray

Question 27

Outer shell electron gives off its energy in the form of _____

Answer 27

X-ray

Question 27

what is wavelength? what is measured in?

Answer 27

distance between two like points on wave (measured in Angstroms) Angstrom = 10^ -10 m

Question 28

what is velocity?

Answer 28

how fast energy of wave moves from one point to another

Question 28

what is amplitude?

Answer 28

maximum displacement of media from its equilibrium (strength of the wave, not its energy)

Question 29

what is tungsten's symbol? what is its z number? what is its K shell quantum number & binding energy? L shell? M shell?

Answer 29

W (wolfram) 74 #1 & binding energy of 69 kV #2 & binding energy of 12 kV #3 & binding energy of 3 kV

Question 30

what is the electromagnetic formula?

Answer 30

c (speed of light)= frequency x wavelength

Question 30

what is frequency? what is this measured in?

Answer 30

number of cycles passing through a fixed second hertz

Question 31

Frequency & wavelength have ___ proportional relationship

Answer 31

inverse

Question 31

what is velocity equaled too?

Answer 31

velocity= frequency x wavelength

Question 32

Energy is directly proportional to ___

Answer 32

frequency

Question 33

X-rays have ___ nature

Answer 33

dual light photons and physical properties

Question 33

Energy is ___ proportional to frequency

Answer 33

directly