rad tech 12 Flashcards by Aja Walker

alimentary canal

musculomembranous tub, about 30 ft long, extending from the mouth of the anus and lines with mucous membrane aka digestive track

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amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules

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bile

a bitter, yellow green secretion of the liver

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cardiac sphincter

muscular ring in the stomach that controls the passage of food form the esophagus into the stomach (lower)

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cecum

a cul de sac containing the first part of the large intestine. joins with the ileum

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cholelithiasis

abnormal presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

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chyme

the liquidlike material of partially digested food and digestive secretion found in the stomach just before it is released into the duodenum

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colon

the portion of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

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defecation

the act of expelling feces

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deglutition

swallowing

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duodenum

first portion of the small intestine; shortest and widest

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esophagus

muscular canal., about 9.4 inches long that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

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gallbladder

pear shaped excretory sac lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

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gastroenterologist

a medical doctor who specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders affecting the GI tract

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glucagon

a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low

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hematemesis

vomiting of blood

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ileum

distal portion of the small intestine extending form the jejunum to the cecum

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jejunum

intermediate or middle of the three portions of the small intestine, connecting proximally with the duodenum

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laparoscope

thin walled, flexible tube with a telescope lens and light that is inserted through the incision in the abdominal wall to examine or perform minor surgery with the abdominal cavity

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lavage

process of irrigating an organ, usually the bladder or bowel

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liver

the largest gland of the body and one of the most complex organs

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lower GI tract

lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract consisting of the small and large intestines

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mastication

chewing, tearing or grinding food with the teeth while it becomes mixed with saliva

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oropharynx

the section of the pharynx leading away from the oral cavity

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pancreas

an elongated organ approximately 6-9 inches long, located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that secretes various substances

peristalsis

the coordinated rhythmic serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract, etc

pyloric sphincter

a thickened muscular ring in the stomach that regulates the passage of food from the pylorus of the stomach into the duodenum

rectum

portion of the large intestine about 4.7 inches long, continuous with the descending sigmoid colon

rugae

a ridge or fold that presents large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ

sigmoid colon

the portion of the colon that extends from the end of the descending colon in the pelvis to the juncture if the rectum

sphincter

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening in the body, such as the hepatic sphincter into the muscular coat of the hepatic veins near their union with the superior vena cava

stomach

major organ of digestion located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and divided into a body and pylorus

upper GI tract

upper part of the GI consistning of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach

villi

one of the many tiny projections barely visible yo the naked eye clustered over the entire mucous surface of the small intestine

amyl/o

starch

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

-ase

enzyme

bil/i

bile

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

celi/o

pertaining to the abdomen

-centesis

surgical puncture

cheil/o

lips

chol/e

bile

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

cirrh/o

yellow, tawny

col/o

colon

dent/o

tooth

duoden/o

duodenum

-estasia

stretching or dilation

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emesis

to vomit

enter/o

intestine

gastr/o

stomach

gluc/o

sugar, sweet

glyc/o

sugar, sweet

hepat/o

liver

-iasis

presence of an abnormal condition

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

lapar/o

abdominal wall

lingu/o

tongue

lip/o

fat

lith/o

stone

-lysis

destruction or detachment

or/o

mouth

pancreat/o

pancreas

-pepsia

state of digestion

-phasia

to eat

pharyng/o

pharynx

peritone/o

peritoneum

proct/o

anus

rect/o

rectum

-rrhagia

excessive flow

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

-spasm

twitching

stomat/o

mouth

-tripsy

intentional crushing

rad tech 12 Flashcards

(79 cards)