Radiation Protection Chapter 1 Part 1

Question 1

What is radiation produced from the x-ray tube?

Answer 1

Controlled radiant energy

Question 2

What are effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary exposures to ionizing radiation?

Answer 2

radiation protection

Question 3

Any radiation exposure that does not benefit a person in terms of diagnostic information obtained for the clinical management of medical needs or any radiation exposure that does not enhance the quality of study

Answer 3

unnecessary exposure

Question 4

What is damage to living tissue of animals and humans exposed to radiation?

Answer 4

biologic effects

Question 5

What is the degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient?

Answer 5

Diagnostic efficacy

Question 6

What is the dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease?

Answer 6

Threshold

Question 7

What’s the possibility of inducing a radiogenic cancer or genetic defect after irradiation?

Answer 7

Risk

Question 8

What is a way radiographer can improve understanding and reduce fear and anxiety for the patient?

Answer 8

Background Equivalent Radiation Time– BERT

Question 9

When did radiation become apparent?

Answer 9

November 8th 1895— 1890s

Question 10

What are x-rays a form of?

Answer 10

ionizing radiation charged

Question 11

What happens to ionizing radiation when it passes through matter?

Answer 11

Ionizing radiation produces positively and negatively charged particles(ions)

Question 12

What is thought to cause injury to normal tissue?

Answer 12

production of these ions

Question 13

Radiation exposure should always be kept at

Answer 13

The lowest possible level for the general public

Question 14

What referring physicians must accept and carry responsibility for when ordering a radiographic procedure on a patient?

Answer 14

Efficacy–if it is a medical necessity for the patients. Relying on qualified imaging personnel.

Question 15

How do healthcare professionals accept a portion of the responsibility for patient welfare?

Answer 15

providing high quality imaging services

Question 16

How is keeping occupational and nonoccupational dose below maximum allowable levels best accomplished?

Answer 16

Using the smallest radiation exposure that will produce useful image and by producing optimal images with first exposure.

Question 17

ALARA is an acronym meaning?

Answer 17

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 18

ALARA is synonymous with what other term?

Answer 18

ORP–Optimization for radiation protection

Question 19

What is the intention of ALARA?

Answer 19

To keep radiation exposure and consequent dose to lowest possible level

Question 20

ALARA should be established and maintained to show what?

Answer 20

That we have considered reasonable actions that will reduce patient and personnel dose below required limits.

Question 21

What are safe dose levels for radiation-induced malignancy?

Answer 21

No safe dose levels exist.

Question 22

What dose the ALARA method compare and know the example?

Answer 22

The amount of radiation that various health care facilities in a particular area use for specific imaging procedures. EX. If patients in a location are receiving the same entrance skin exposure for a specific procedure in EVERY healthcare facility in that area the ESE would represent the radiation exposure and consequent dose that is reasonably achieved within that location

Question 23

Who has the responsibility for radiation safety?

Answer 23

employers of radiation workers and the workers themselves

Question 24

Know the 3 basic principles of radiation protection:

Answer 24

Time
Distance
Shielding

Question 25

Know the 3 ways we talked about reducing exposure to the patient

Answer 25

* Reduce amount of x-ray "beam-on" time * use as much distance between tube and patient as possible for specific exam * always shield patient when appropriate

Question 26

How do you reduce occupational exposure to the technologist?

Answer 26

* shortening the length of time spent in a room where radiation is produced * stand at the greatest distance possible from the beam * throw in a radiation absorbent shielding material between the radiographer and the source of radiation

Question 27

When are the patients more willing to accept the radiation risk?

Answer 27

If they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is greater than the risk involved

Question 28

What has greatly reduced the risk from imaging procedures for patients and radiographers?

Answer 28

The understanding of radiation biologic effects gained throughout the 20th century captured with better design of medical imaging equipment and improved radiation safety standards

Question 29

What is BERT based on?

Answer 29

An annual US population exposure of approximately 3 millisevarts per year

Question 30

What are the advantages of BERT:

Answer 30

* BERT dose not imply radiation risk-simply a means for comparison * BERT emphasizes that radiation is animate part of our environment * The answer given in terms of BERT is easy for the patient to comprehend

Question 31

Know what TRACE stands for:

Answer 31

Tools for Radiation Awareness and Community Education

Question 32

What is TRACE?

Answer 32

Program that formulates new policies and procedures to promote radiation safety and the implementation of patient and community education and provides technologic enhancements.

Question 33

Know the components of the TRACE program

Answer 33

Technologic enhancement such as embedded software capable of recording and reporting dose, timely notifications of the patient and referring physician when the radiation dose is greater than 3gym and substantial lowering of CT doses through improved technology and altering existing protocols