Pathology of the Skeletal System Flashcards by Bria Maples

How many bones make up the body?

206

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How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126

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How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

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Where bone marrow is located?

medullary canal

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What are weblike bony structure visible on properly exposed radiographs?

trabeculae

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What are bone forming cells responsible for growth and thickening, ossification and regeneration

Osteoblasts

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What are specialized cells that break down bone to enlarge medullary canal and allow for bone growth?

Osteoclasts

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What are bone classifications made by?

Due to their shape

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What are the bone classifications?

long, short, flat, irregular

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What is the shaft or primary ossification center known as?

Diaphysis

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What is the expanded end portion, secondary ossification site (growth plate)

Epiphysis

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What is the growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis?

metaphysis

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When is proper technique achieved?

When soft tissue and bony structures are visible and trabecular pattern is visible

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What is OI’s common name?

Brittle Bone Disease

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What is present at birth, multiple fractures that heal and give way to new fractures that results in deformities/dwarfism/ and sometimes even death?

Osteogenesis Imperfeta – OI imperfeta

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When fractures may not appear for some years after birth and generally stop at adulthood?

Osteogenesis Tarda

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What is OI radiographic appearance?

Multiple fractures in various healing stages, decreased bone mass, trabeculae are thin and widely spread out

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What disorder has the physical characteristics of:
4'4 in males, 4'1 in females
bowed legs
bulky forehead
extreme lumbar lordosis
narrowed foramen magnum

Achondroplasia

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Disorder where bones are abnormally heavy but very brittle?

osteopetrosis

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What is the common name of osteopetrosis?

Marble Bone Disease

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Patients with Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease have what????

Increased bone density

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When a patient has osteopetrosis/marble bone disease what do you do with your technique?

Increase it

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Disorder where the fingers and toes fail to separate? Weblike

Syndactyly

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WHat is it known when someone has an extra digit?

polydactyly

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What is it called when someones foot is turned inward at ankle?

club foot/tulipes

A disorder that results in the malformation of the acetabulum? More commonly occurring in females

congenital hip dislocation

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is known as?

Scoliosis

In scoliosis patients what way does their back curve normally?

Right in thoracic, left in lumbar

When performing x-rays on scoliosis patients as well as other patients what is the importance of radiation protection?

Protecting the breast tissue of the adolescent

Incomplete closure of lamina?

Spina bifida

Spina Bifida is common to which area?

Lumbosacral

Premature closure of the cranial sutures is known as?

Craniosynostoses

Disorder where the brain and cranial vault do not form?

Anencephaly

What is the diagnostic modality of choice in diagnosing Anencephaly?

ultrasound

What is an infection of the bone and bone marrow?

Osteomyelitis

Who does osteomyelitis commonly affect?

infants and children

What is the modality of choice in diagnosing osteomyelitis?

nuclear medicine

What is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bone?

Tuberculosis

Common areas Tuberculosis affects?

hip, knee, and spine

Tuberculosis of the spine is known as?

Pott's Disease

What's the radiographic appearance of Tuberculosis?

Worm eaten appearance

Joint inflammation caused by chronic autoimmune disease that varies in severity. Characterized by chronic inflammation and overgrowth of synovial tissues

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

What age does Rheumatoid Arthritis usually occur at?

30-40

Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects?

bones of the hand, feet, and knees

What is the life expectancy of those who suffer from Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Reduced by 3-7 years due to long term aspirin use

A form of Rheumatoid Arthritis occurring in mostly in young males associated with bacterial infections of GI system and genitalia associated with STD such as chlamydia

Reiter's Syndrome

A progressive form of arthritis that mainly affects spine and SI joints?

Ankylosis Spondylitis

Common name of Ankylosis Spondylitis?

Bamboo Spine

What is the radiographic appearance of Ankylosis Spondylitis/Bamboo Spine?

- Early demonstrate bilateral narrowing and fuzziness of SI joints - later shows classifications of the bone of the spine which eventually becomes a rigid block of bone

What is the most common type of arthritis?

Osteoarthritis

What is the common name of Osteoarthritis?

DJD- Degenerative Joint Disease

Osteoarthritis mainly affects what joint?

weight bearing joints -- hip, knee, ankle

Disorder that affects men and women equally asymptomatic until around 50--causes pain and stiffness in affected joints

Osteoarthritis

What is the radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis?

Images showing the narrowing of joint space

What is the radiographic appearance of decreased bone density?

osteopenia

What is the actual condition of decreased bone density?

osteoporosis

What is caused by lack of calcium and failure of bone tissue to calcify?

Osteomalacia

When bones are spongelike from inadequate intake or absorption of calcium and vitamin D?

Osteomalacia

What is osteomalacia that occurs before growth plates close?

Ricket's Disease

When bone under goes destructive and is replaced by abnormally soft and poorly mineralized material that is thicker than bone?

Paget's Disease

Paget's disease is commonly found in which areas?

Pelvis, spine, skull, and in long bones

What is the Radiographic appearance of Paget's disease?

cotton or wool appearance

What is the cure for Paget's disease?

None

What's an endocrine disorder that affects the skeletal system?

Acromegaly (gigantism)

What causes Acromegaly(gigantism)?

Excessive secretion of growth hormones

A soft tissue neck injury?

whiplash

The most common finding in those suffering from whiplash?

loss of lordosis

Cleft pr breaking of the vertebral body between superior and inferior articular process ;pars interarticularis

Spondylolysis

What is the radiographic appearance of broken neck of the scotty dog?

pars defect

The pars defect is demonstrated on what image?

Oblique lumbar

When the body of vertebrae are slipped forward?

Spondyloithisis

Spondyloithisis most commonly affects what area?

L5-S1

Spondyloithisis is demonstrated on what image?

Lateral

What is the most common vertebral column condition?

Generalized back pain

Modality of choice to identify generalized back pain?

Radiography

How does Osteochondroma attach to bone?

By a bony stalk

What is the most common area for osteoma occur?

skull

Neoplasms that occur at younger age than any other primary malignancy; commonly occurring between ages 5-15, and rarely over 30; Most common in boys; most commonly in whites; common to pelvis and extremities; fairly rare by extremely malignant

Ewings Tumor

What is the radiographic appearance of Ewing's tumor?

onion skin

What role does CT play n the diagnosing process?

Plays a key role in primary diagnosis and continued evaluation of neoplasms of skeletal system due to its ability to produce images excellent soft tissue and contrast resolution

What can metastases?

ANy cancer can metastasize

Most common malignant tumor of the skeleton?

Metastatic disease

Most common metastatic site?

Spine-- 40%

What are other common metastatic site?

ribs, sternum, pelvis, skull, and upper ends of both femurs and humerus

What is the most common primary site for metastatic cancer?

Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, bowel