Radiology

Question 1

What type of fat do juvenile patients have that makes it difficult to read abdominal radiographs due to effacement/silhouetting?

Answer 1

(Brown fat)

Question 2

Why does fluid being present actually enhance ultrasound visualization?

Answer 2

(Fluid is anechoic on ultrasound, outlines organs very well)

Question 3

What recumbency does a patient need to be in when taking a horizontal beam radiograph to better see a pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 3

(Left lateral recumbency)

Question 4

You look at a radiograph and notice a mass in the cranial abdomen. The stomach is displaced dorsally, what organ does this indicate the mass is originating from?

Answer 4

(Liver)

Question 5

A normal feline spleen thickness on ultrasound should be less than or equal to how many centimeters?

Answer 5

(One centimeter)

Question 6

(T/F) In a normal feline abdominal lateral radiograph, you should not be able to see the spleen and if you do, splenomegaly should be high on your list of problems.

Answer 6

(T)

Question 7

The normal axis of the stomach is typically pushed caudally or cranially with hepatomegaly on radiographs?

Answer 7

(Caudally)

Question 8

The normal axis of the stomach is typically pushed caudally or cranially with microhepatia on radiographs?

Answer 8

(Cranially)

Question 9

The presence of gas in the liver radiographically indicates what abnormality?

Answer 9

(An abscess)

Question 10

How can you tell the difference between portal veins and hepatic veins on AUS?

Answer 10

(Portal veins have echogenic borders while hepatic veins do not)

Question 11

(T/F) The normal spleen is hyperechoic to the liver.

Answer 11

(T)

Question 12

(T/F) The normal liver is the same echogenicity to the right kidney.

Answer 12

(T)

Question 13

Which limb of the pancreas in dogs is the pancreaticoduodenal vein associated with?

Answer 13

(Right limb)

Question 14

What are the two rule outs for microhepatia?

Answer 14

(Portosystemic shunt and cirrhosis)

Question 15

Cirrhosis causes (normal to decreased or increased) echogenicity?

Answer 15

(Increased)

Question 16

A hypoechoic liver is more likely related to acute or chronic hepatitis?

Answer 16

(Acute)

Question 17

(T/F) The normal feline liver is typically hypoechoic when compared to the adjacent falciform fat.

Answer 17

(T)

Question 18

In dogs, is primary or metastatic neoplasia more commonly involved in liver neoplastic lesions?

Answer 18

(Metastatic)

Question 19

In a case of pancreatitis, on ultrasound, the pancreas will be hyper/hypoechoic while the peripancreatic fat will be hyper/hypoechoic.

Answer 19

(Pancreas - hypoechoic, fat - hyperechoic)

Question 20

(T/F) Gas interferes with both ultrasound and radiography imaging.

Answer 20

(F, just ultrasound)

Question 21

Why is it important to find the ileocolic junction in feline patients on abdominal ultrasound?

Answer 21

(It is a common site for neoplasia)

Question 22

Which of the bowel sections is always filled with gas and will have shadowing on ultrasound?

Answer 22

(Colon)

Question 23

(T/F) The mucosa should be thicker than the muscularis in the entirety of the GI tract on ultrasound.

Answer 23

(F, about the same thickness in the stomach)

Question 24

A foreign body will cause (orad or aborad) fluid distension.

Answer 24

(Orad)

Question 25

What are the two most common sites for intussusception?

Answer 25

(Jejunum or ileocolic orifice)

Question 26

Do you maintain the layers of the GI tract on ultrasound of inflammatory diseases?

Answer 26

(Yes)

Question 27

How does the thickening of the GI tract wall compare in inflammatory versus neoplastic diseases?

Answer 27

(Inflammatory - mild thickening, neoplastic - moderate to severe thickening)

Question 28

Is the thickening of the GI tract wall due to neoplasia typically hyperechoic or hypoechoic?

Answer 28

(Hypoechoic)

Question 29

(T/F) Besides being able to see intestinal dilation, abnormal gas patterns, distribution, and intestinal content, you should also be able to reliably see intestinal wall thickening as a radiographic sign of small intestinal disease.

Answer 29

(F, cannot determine a thick wall from a fluid filled intestine)

Question 30

Why can you not confirm intestinal wall thickening on radiography?

Answer 30

(Fluid in bowel mimics intestinal thickening)

Question 31

What is the normal radiographic intestinal diameter in dogs (in a comparative sense)?

Answer 31

(<1.6 times L5 body height)

Question 32

What is the normal radiographic intestinal diameter in cats?

Answer 32

(<12mm)

Question 33

What are the two types of ileus (which is the failure to pass contents in the bowel)?

Answer 33

(Obstructive and non-obstructive)

Question 34

What causes non-obstructive ileus?

Answer 34

(Things that can cause paralysis/failure of normal intestinal movement)

Question 35

How does the radiographic appearance of the dilation due to obstructive versus non-obstructive ileus differ?

Answer 35

(Obstructive - segmental, dramatic dilation, non-obstructive - generalized mild dilation)

Question 36

Why can duodenal obstruction potentially cause no dilation?

Answer 36

(Luminal content can reflux back into the stomach)

Question 37

(T/F) Ingesta should be entirely fluid (chyme) by the time it enters the duodenum making structured soft tissue or mineral opaque material being present on radiographs abnormal.

Answer 37

(T)

Question 38

What is the normal colon diameter (in comparative terms) on radiographs?

Answer 38

(<1.28x the length of L5)