Radiology Flashcards
(39 cards)
how can assessment of the femoral neck alongside the superior pubic ramus on a hip X-ray help decide if there is a hip fracture?
can look for Shenton’s line= formed by medial edge of femoral neck and inferior edge of superior pubic ramus. loss of contour is a sign of fractured neck of femur, but isn’t always present in this case.
indications on AP view hip X-ray of an intracapsular hip fracture?
disruption of Shenton’s line
displacement- impaction, shenton’s line disrupted, trabeculae disrupted
lesser trochanter more prominent due to external rotation of femur
fracture line?
increased bone density- overlapping bone with impaction
femoral neck shortened
loss of cortical bone integrity
what should be considered if femoral shaft fracture on X-ray but no history of high force impact trauma?
pathological fracture- malignancy, infection or metabolic e.g. osteoporosis, osteomalacia
what radiograph view is more likely to show a patella fracture?
lateral view
on a lateral view radiograph of the knee, what might increased density above the patella suggest in the context of a fracture?
a joint effusion e.g. leakage of blood (haemarthrosis) in a fracture
on what view of the knee is a patella dislocation obvious?
skyline view
what is a fabella?
a normal sesamoid bone of the lateral head of gastrocnemius tendon - not to be mistaken for a fracture or loose body
what name is given to a normal variant of the patella in which the patella is in 2 parts?
a bipartite patella
characteristics of ptnt history if tibial stress fracture?
history of chronic tibial pain, worsened by activity
standard views of calcaneus?
lateral and axial
apophyses can be mistaken for fractures on radiographs, what are they?
a normal developmental outgrowth of a bone which arises from a separate ossification centre, and fuses to the bone later in development
how is radiograph described if there isn’t more than 1 fracture piece?
non-comminuted
standard wrist views?
PA
lateral
in assessing the wrist, alignment of which bones should be looked for on lateral radiograph?
radius, lunate, capitate
2 extra views added to normal views in suspected scaphoid fracture (history of post-traumatic wrist pain with tenderness over anatomical snuffbox)?
oblique
PA with ulnar deviation
on what view is a hamate fracture best seen?
oblique view
most commonly injured carpal ligament?
scapholunate
injury best seen on radiograph when wrist stressed in ulnar deviation
sign on radiograph when scapholunate ligament tear injury?
Terry Thomas sign (gap tooth sign)-widening of scapholunate distance
the most common dislocations of the wrist involve which carpal bone?
lunate
name for when capitate is not congruent with lunate?
peri-lunate dislocation
if luante dislocated from radius, then lunate dislocation is used
standard views of hand and fingers?
PA
oblique
lateral
what on a radiograph is often a useful sign of a finger fracture?
soft tissue swelling
most common metacarpal fracture?
boxer’s fracture- 5th metacarpal fracture (at neck)
what is a Bennett’s fracture?
intra-articular fracture of thumb metacarpal base, with subluxation/dislocation of metacarpal base
occurs with forced abduction of thumb
