Radiology Correlations Flashcards
(32 cards)
What pattern does bronchopneumonia show on a CT scan?
Tree in bud (bloom) pattern; usually multilobar
Lobar pneumonia will typically present with what on CXR?
consolidation which is typically associated with alveolar fluid/exudate
What is the bulging fissure sign?
ex. Klebsiella PNA expanding the lung lobe so much it bulges beyond its normal size
Abscesses will usually have what on CXR?
air fluid level within the cystic space
Which organisms are more likely to cause an abscess in lobar pneumonia?
Klebsiella, Staph aureus and anaerobes
What pathology can lead to widening of airways with extension into the peripheral lung fields on CXR?
Bronchiectasis
What are the DDX for bronchiectasis?
Cystic fibrosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), chronic infections (Tb), primary ciliary dyskinesia, Young’s syndrome
Situs inverses with dextrocardia may be seen in a subset with pts with what?
primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener syndrome)
What causes bat wing infiltrates?
pulmonary edema (central pattern of lung involvement), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, inhalation injury; anything favoring proximal vascular or airway involvement
What can cause reverse bat wing infiltrates?
Fibrosis (ex. IPF, sarcoidosis, other ILD with fibrosis); anything favoring peripheral lung involvement
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis follows the airways, but sarcoidosis follows what?
lymphatics (increased pleural involvement)
What can cause bilateral white out (diffuse lung involvement) on CXR?
ARDS (MC), severe pneumonia, severe atelectasis, diffuse hemorrhage, malignancy (rare)
What makes pulmonary nodules white on CT images?
calcification
What are the different patterns of calcification?
Diffuse (associated with benign lesions), central, popcorn, laminate, stippled, eccentric
What pattern of calcification is associated with histoplasmosis (old granulomas)?
Diffuse, laminated
What pattern of calcification is seen with hamartomas?
Popcorn
What are some tumor characteristics that would be worrisome for malignancy?
Bigger size is worse, rate of growth (will it become bigger? has it become bigger?), more solid = more worrisome, more irregular border = more worrisome, calcification is more often present with benign tumors
What are some pt characteristics that are concerning for malignancy?
Age of pt (younger than 35 much less likely to be cancer), cigarette smokers much more likely to have malignancy, if there is a prior hx of cancer there is a likelihood for the lesion representing metastasis, FHx of lung cancer
What are the Fleischner guidelines?
Looks at age, smoker status, size, growing, solid, calcified
What factors would suggest that a biopsy is needed?
Increased age, is a smoker, nodule increased in size, nodule is growing, nodule is solid and is not calcified
What is atypical about mucinous adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ?
can look like pneumonia and can be bilateral
What can cause ground glass opacities?
infections, ILD, edema, hemorrhage, neoplasia (such as adenocarcinoma in situ)
Airways can dilate within solid tumors causing what?
Bubble lucencies which is concerning for invasive tumor
What phenomena can occur with squamous carcinoma?
Cavitation
