random Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
multiple bacterial infections, MC lung and skin infection, Absence of MCH-1, Bare lymphocyte
A
Peptide transporter (TAP)
2
Q
Galactorrhea, no mass, no pain, neg hCG, Amenorrhea, infertility
A
inc prolactin, dec GnRH–>LH & FSH Low
3
Q
Basal ganglia atrophy, involuntary limb movement
A
Repeats: AD: HD(CAG), AR: Friedreich Ataxia
(GAA)
4
Q
polygonal tumor cell, amyloid: amorphous protein, scanty colloid, few normal cell
A
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
5
Q
Medullary Thyroid carcinoma association
A
MEN 2a (. ), MEN 2b ()
6
Q
low energy state, vomiting, viral infection, jaundice and encephalopathy. damaged organelle in liver or brain?
A
Mitochondrial
7
Q
AML(acute myelogenous Leukemia) pt presents with?
A
Adult: pancytopenia, gingival hypertrophy, 42% blasts,
8
Q
CML 9:22 Activating ABL1 tyrosine kinase treatment
A
Imatinib: Lab: diverse cell in stages of maturity of granulocytic
9
Q
Mature, differentiated B lymphocytes, lymphocytosis large blue nuclei, and scant cytoplasm, No blast
A
Ibrutinib CLL
10
Q
Fe 3+ methemoglobinemia treatment?
Cause?
A
Methylene blue converts ferric to ferrous,
Exposure to nitrates… lactic acidosis and cyanosis
11
Q
MTB infects ___________ and results in granuloma formation.
What activates the 2 primary cells in granuloma formation?
A
Macrophages
Interleukin-12 and intereron-gamma
12
Q
M-spike, RBC- Rouleaux, Bone marrow infiltration
associated with
A
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
monoclonal gammopathy
13
Q
congenital CMV
A
intracranial calcification
14
Q
mumps virus: orchitis
A
paramyxovirus…parotid gland swelling
15
Q
Measles virus triad
A
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
rash begins on face and spread cephalocaudally
16
Q
Microangiopathic hemolysis (MAHA) seen in
A
infection/ inflammatory damage to endothelia
17
Q
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, servere Vit A defficient,
A
Measles: gaint Cell pneumonia, no rash, HIV
18
Q
first-line treatment for muscle spasticity
A
Baclofen
19
Q
Guanin and hypoxanthine
A
HGRPT: Lesh-Nyhan-X-lined
20
Q
Menopause
A
Low estrogen, high LH,FSH,GnRH
21
Q
RA synovial aspiration
A
lymphocyte and plasma cells
perivascular inflammation
22
Q
alcohol withdrawal treatment
A
Benzo: Binds GABA & increase CL- channel opening Freq.
23
Q
TPP(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia purpura) cause
A
Dec ADMTS 13 metalloprotease
24
Q
Dec ADMTS 13 metalloprotease signs
A
Renal dysfunction, confusion, syncope, thrombocytopenia, Anemia, fever
25
G(+), motile, facultative anaerobes, beta-hemolytic, transmission: raw milk, soil
Listeria monocytogenes
26
Pregnant/immunocompromised with abrupt fever: serum: Motile, facultative anaerobes B-hemolytic: treatment
Ampicillin(pregnant)
Gentamicin
27
ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin: Neisseria: g(-) bug
28
Doxycycline avoided in pregnancy
permanent teeth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia
29
Blurry vision and amenorrhea (prolactinoma), high calcium, bone fracture
AD MEN I: Pituitary adenoma, parathyroid, pancreas
30
MEN IIa seen with
Pheochromocytoma, parathyroid adenoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma
31
MEN IIb seen with
Pheo, Medullary thyroid cancer, Marfanoind and mucosal neuromas
32
what drug blocks to CCR5 in HIV pt
Maraviroc
33
Enfuvirtide blocks
HIV gp41 inhibits fusion
34
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase target viral DNA synthesis
Efavirenz
35
LoSartan and ARBs
block angiotensin II, dec plasma aldosterone
36
3rd 4th pouches defect
Thymic hypoplasia, facial defects, congenital heart dz, 22q11.2 deletion, T-cell defect
37
shallow and sharply-demarcated oral mucosal ulcerations, Mono-like symptoms Neg Monospot
Acute HIV infection
38
sore throat lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, mono neg
CMV
39
with G6PDH def which pathway is intact?
what is the Cofactor?
Malic -->Pyruvate
NADPH
40
M-spike in protein in MM
light chains from IgG
41
cause Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
mutation in the retinoid acid receptor vein
42
Balance translocation of PML/RARA 17:15
functional pancytopenia
43
ALL-trans retinoid acid treats APL, increases
histone acetyltransferases and relax DNA
44
Immunocompromise, oral hair leukoplakia, can't remove
EBV
45
Increase Absolute lymphocyte count
massive spleen and lymphadenopathy
CLL
Burton's tyrosine kinase
46
Skin necrosis shortly after starting this drug
Inhibit epoxy reductase: warfarin
47
cause of hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma in diabetic 2
high serum glucose being eliminated by kidney leading to dehydration and hypotension.
48
Kids: Measles (rubeola)
Paramyxovirus
SS neg-sense RNA virus
49
Kids: Major cause of bronchiolitis:
SS neg-sense RNA virus
Resp. syncytial virus
50
Kids: SS neg-sense RNA virus: infectious croup
parainfluenza
51
Kids: Mumps... Orchitis, pancreatitis, Encephalitis...family?
SS neg-sense RNA virus
52
Kids: congenital Rubella presentation
teratogenic
Sensorineural deafness
Cataracts
PDA
53
Kids: Slapped Check..central clearing-laces
Aplastic anemia
Fifth DZ
PV B-19
54
Strawberry tongue Exudative pharynx
scarlet fever
Acute rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis
55
Puritis following exposure to hot water, gouty arthritis and peptic ulcer Disease
Polycythemia vera
56
chronic myeloproliferative disorder with low ESR increase RBC
Polycythemia vera
57
Bar body formation: x-chrom inactivation occurs in
Normal female and Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY)
58
Major depression refractory to antidepressant indicates
ECT treatment
59
ECT treatment adverse effect
memory loss
cardiovascular events: asystole or arrhythmia
60
Erythema infectiosum (5th DZ)
Parvo B-19
P antigen (globoside) on erythroid progenitor cells
cessation of erythropoiesis
61
Congenital TORCH infections findings
fetal demise
Hepatosplenomegaly
Growth retardation
Thrombocytopenia
62
Congenital TORCH infections
Toxoplasmosis
Others (e.g., syphilis, varicella, parvovirus B19 infection, listeriosis)
Rubella
Cytomegaly (CMV)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection
63
TACO: transfusion-associated circulatory overload treatment
Stop the transfusion
Diuretics
64
TRALI: Transfusion-related acute lung injury
Immune-mediated reaction
supportive care
65
Interferon-gamma
activate MACROPHAGES
66
cells in Granuloma
Th1 lymphocytes
epithelioid macrophages
multinucleate paint cells
67
cytokine that activates macrophages, Incre Th1 differentiation, increases MCH expression, and isotope switching to IgG
IFN-Y
68
Findings: abundant mononuclear cell infiltration and basophilic nuclear and cytoplasm inclusions
Treatment
CMV
Ganciclovir: inhibits viral polymerase
69
CMV reactivation in immunocompromised
MC location
Presentation
GI
viral syndrome
tissue-invasion dz(CMV in organ)
70
Pt presents with high T4, low TSH level, low thyroglobulin and no radioiodine uptake, no thyroid mass
Struma ovarii (ovarian goiter)
ovarian teratoma secreting thyroxine
71
Nitrosamines, polycyclic hydrocarbon (food preservative)
Gastric caner in east and central Asian
72
low activity of ___________ in alcoholics lead to hypoglycemia. Why
oxaloacetate to phosphoEnoPV
NADH/NAD+ ratio increased due to
decrease glucose
73
Antidepressant (mood disorder) that causes priapism?
MOA
Trazodone
Inhibits serotonin reuptake and 5HT3 receptor antagonist
74
Female taking OCP or Hormone replacement therapy with sudden shortness of breath, and leg swelling. Pathophysio
Increase in (aPC)activated protein C resistance (natural anticoagulant)
aPC resistance leads to hyper coagulable state
75
clostridia perfringens infection causes?
virulence factor?
myonecrosis, foul-smelling dishwater-colored drainage
alpha-toxin: lecithinase-mediated destruction of host cell membranes
76
TCAs:Clomipramim and amitriptyline used in obsessive-compulsive disorder:MOA
inhibits norepinephrine and 5HT reuptake.
Blocks muscarinic, histamine H1 and alpha-1
causing mydriasis, visual disturbance, dry mouth, and palpitations
77
SD 1,2 & 3
68%
95.5%
99.7%
78
What complication is seen with this condition?
disseminated intravascular coagulation: AML
Auer rods with azurophilic granules
79
ALL treatment with a drug that causes peripheral neuropathy would prevent?
Microtubule formation
Vincristine,
prednisone
anthracycline (danunorubicin or doxorubicin)
cyclophosphamide or L-asparaginase
80
prevent common complication of burn
Heparin for prophylaxis of thromboembolism
antibiotics
81
Roth spots seen on fundoscopy: small white spots surrounded by hemorrhage.
painful nodes on fingers palm toes and feet.
Bacterial endocarditis causing small fibrin clots
82
Repeated passive immunotherapy (snake venom) may lead to
immune complex deposition (in tissue eg kidney)
type III HS
83
Budd-chiari syndrome
occlusion of venous outflow
ascites
hepatomegaly
abdominal pain
84
Cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome leading to liver transplant
antiphospolipid syndrome
85
Pt with ITP caused by
present with
treatment abciximab
autoantibody to GP 2b/3a
low platelets, increase bleeding time, platelet count improved with steroid
86
acid-fast staining that shows large oocyst in the stool
cryptosporidium parvum
87
Hereditary spherocytosis
spectrin and ankyrin defect
88
trisomy13 gene mutation
polydactyly, rocker-bottom feet
cardiac also with
sonic hedgehog gene
cyclopia, holoprosencephaly, proboscis (extra long nose)
89
determine paternity with
allotype
90
How do unfractionated heparin work
monitor using
binds to antithrombin III and factor II(thrombin)
inactivate thrombin and prevent clot
activated PTT
91
manifestation of B-19 in adult
self-limiting small joint arthritis
92
intermediate-sized lymphocyte (large), interspersed with macrophages surrounded by clear spaces
MYC
t(8:14)
93
T-cell inhibitor not associated with renal toxicity
Sirolimus
Inhibit mTOR serine-threonine kinase
94
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by wood tick dermacentor which also transmits
Francisella tularensis
95
risk factors: immune compromise (medication or illness) Bat cave, pancytopenia
treatment
Disseminated histoplasmosis
amphotericin B or itraconazole
96
Improper breakdown of vWF aggregates with platelets to form micro thrombi
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (def ADAMTS13)
HUS
elevated: LDH, indirect bilirubin
97
low extremity pain, swelling, thigh varicosities, and femoral vein thrombosis are consistent with
Anatomic variation (may-turner syndrome)
Compression of the left common iliac vein
98
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with ? pt symptom, viral infection?
cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, sore throat
EBV
99
pos antiphospholipid antibody (high Lupus anticoagulant antibody), repeated DVT, Miscarriage
proper treatment?
warfarin
100
the greatest risk for erythrocyte spectrin or ankyrin defect (hereditary spherocytosis
Gallstones due to splenic RBC destruction
101
chronic myelogeneous leukemia suspect in patient with systemic complain of
translocation
early satiety, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated WBC with immature neutrophil(Band cell)
9:22
102
DVT, pos D-dimer, risk of venous thromboembolism in pregnant treat with
LMWH (Dalteparin)
103
clinical pentad of TTP
fever,
micorangio anemia
thrombocytopenia
renal (high creatinine)
confusion (neurologic)
104
Necrotic skin after starting warfarin due to rapid depletion of
Protein C
105
Describe the organism: blue-green pigment and fruity oder in CGD pt
exotoxin A
similar pathogenesis as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ecthyma gangrenous
G(-) oxidase-pos bacillus aerobic rod
inactivates elongation factor-2 stops protein synthesis
Diphtheria toxin
106
why 45,X0 has increase FSH
ovarian dysgenesis & low estrogen and inhibin = no anterior Pituitary feedback raising LH and FSH levels
107
Retroviruses and hepadnaviruses express
Reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent, DNA-polymerase)
Drugs that affect these viruses may affect Human telomerase
108
autosomal codominant disease, mutation in SERPINA1 gene
seen on Liver Biopsy
chromosome 14 (AATD)
PSA+ globules (miss folded AAT molecules in hepatocyte
109
Large mature B cell
Hairy cell leukemia
BRAF 15:17
TRAP pos
110
CLL smudged cell
Mature B-Cell
111
APL
PML-RARA gene (15:17)
DIC
All-trans retinoid acid
112
activated neutrophils
Bacterial infection
113
Eosinophilia
parasite
allergy
114
MC trisomy seen with spontaneous abortion
47XY,+16
115
extrapyramidal effect of antipsychotic
dystonia and torticollis
twisting muscle spasm
116
X-Linked, MC urea cycle disorder
lab plasma high glutamine and urine orotic acid
spontaneous pneumothorax, poor/no feeding
OTC defect
increase ammonia
117
prospective cohort study assessing risk of have a dz will report
relative risk
118
KRAS and APC gene
gene deletion
119
1st pregnancy, jaundice, pos Coombs several microspherocytes, high total Bilirubin and direct bilirubin
ABO compatibility
120
The brickshaped complex virus that replicates in the cytoplasm?
Poxviruses
use virion-associated transcriptase
121
Porphobilinogen deaminase function
porphobilinogen-->hydroxymethylbilane
122
acute intermittent porphyria enzyme
porphobilinogen deaminase
123
urinalysis showing aminolevulinic acid dehydrates and aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
porphobilinogen deaminase
124
severe abdominal pain, neurologic problems and psychiatric disturbance no cutaneous rash or blistering
porphobilinogen deaminase
125
porphyria cutanea tarda (vampire)
uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
126
inhibited by lead
ferrochelatase
ALA dehydratase
127
edema, frothy urine and proteinuria hypercoagulable state
Antithrombin II loss
128
conditions associated with target cells
HALT
HbC dz
Asplenia
Liver dz
Thalassemia
129
Porphobilinogen deaminase
sudden abdominal pain, neuronal and psychologic disturbances, ALA and porphobilinogen high
130
pt with aplastic anemia with pancytopenia and bone marrow hypocellularity
paroxysmal noturnal hematuria clone
131
sudden abdominal pain, neuronal and psychologic disturbances, ALA and porphobilinogen high
Porphobilinogen deaminase
132
pt in coma, serum osmo 398mOs... high serum glucose 1,200 mg/dl, no ketone, low BP. cause of low BP
hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is a major complication of DM2
133
Kawasaki disease treatment
IVIG
134
4M+ idiopathic vasculitis of medium-sized old vessels, fever rash, high platelet, and coronary artery aneurysms
Kawasaki Dz
135
CRASH and burn: conjunctiva injection, rash(desquamative on hands and feet), Adenopathy(neck), Strawberry tongue, Hand/foot edema, Fever(burn)
Kawasaki DZ
136
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
kawasaki
137
decreased differentiation of mature B-cell to plasma cells
delay HS response to candida antigens
recurrent bacterial infection
Low levels of all IG
common variable immunodeficiency
138
locus heterogeneity?
similar phenotype from mutation of two or more diff gene or loci
139
probability of affecting a child with locus heterogeneity parents
0%
140
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) cause by
JC virus
141
JC virus is
non-envelope, circular, ds DNA
seen with immune compromise pt (transplant, HIV/Aids)
142
congenital ornithine transcarbamylse def
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2
143
carbaymoyl phosphate synthetase 1 found where?
What is the substrate
Mitochondrial enzyme
free ammonia as substrate
144
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2
cytoplasmic enzyme
uses glutamate as substrate
145
OTC mutation
increase carbamoyl phosphate
result in orotic acuduria in babies
146
impaired speech, vision, coordination, mentation: transplant Pt symptoms consistent with
JC virus DNA in CSF
147
DAF(CD55)and CD59 absent resulting int dark morning urine
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
